Questions and Answers
What does Adren/o, adrenal/o refer to?
What is the meaning of Endocrino/o?
What does Parathyroid/o indicate?
Pituitar/o refers to which gland?
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Thyr/o, thyroid/o denotes which gland?
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What does Acr/o refer to?
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What is the meaning of Calc/i?
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What does Dips/o signify?
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Kal/i refers to which element?
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What does Natr/o mean?
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Define Acromegaly.
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What is Hypo/natr/emia?
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What does Adrenal/itis refer to?
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What is Adreno/megaly?
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Define Hypercalcemia.
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What does Hyperglycemia signify?
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What is Hyperkalemia?
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Define Hyperparathyroidism.
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What is Hyperthyroidism?
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What does Hypothyroidism refer to?
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What is Hyperpituitarism?
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Define Hypopituitarism.
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What does Panhypopituitarism mean?
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What is Parathyroidoma?
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What does Thyroiditis indicate?
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What is Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)?
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What does Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) measure?
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What is the purpose of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH) test?
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Define Diabetes Insipidus (DI).
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What is Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
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Define Gigantism.
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What is Addison Disease?
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What is Congenital Hypothyroidism?
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Define Cushing Syndrome.
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What is Graves Disease?
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Define Ketoacidosis.
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What is Metabolic Syndrome?
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Define Myxedema.
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What does Tetany mean?
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What is Thyrotoxicosis?
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What is Diabetes mellitus type 1?
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Define Diabetes Mellitus type 2.
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What does Adrenalectomy mean?
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What is Pancreatectomy?
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What does Parathyroidectomy refer to?
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What is a Thyroidectomy?
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Define Adrenocortiohyperplasia.
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What is Adreno/pathy?
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Who is an Endocrinologist?
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What is Euglycemia?
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Define Eu/thyroid.
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What does Glyc/emia refer to?
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What is Poly/dipsia?
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What does Syndrome mean?
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What is Exophthalmos?
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Define Hormone.
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What does Isthmus mean?
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What is Metabolism?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Vocabulary
- Adren/o, adrenal/o: Refers to adrenal glands which produce hormones vital for stress response and metabolic functions.
- Endocrino/o: Pertains to the endocrine system, a network of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
- Parathyroid/o: Refers to parathyroid glands, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood.
- Pituitar/o: Denotes the pituitary gland, often called the "master gland," as it regulates other endocrine glands.
- Thyr/o, thyroid/o: Relates to the thyroid gland which controls metabolism and hormonal balance.
Key Terms and Conditions
- Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities and facial features due to excess growth hormone production after puberty.
- Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by excessive sugar in the blood, often related to diabetes.
- Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the thyroid gland seen in conditions like Graves Disease, resulting in rapid metabolism and weight loss.
- Hypothyroidism: Underactivity of the thyroid gland leading to symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.
Hormonal Conditions
- Addison Disease: Results from insufficient hormone secretions from the adrenal cortex, leading to weakness and weight loss.
- Cushing Syndrome: Caused by excessive cortisol production; symptoms include a "moon face" and abdominal fat accumulation.
- Ketoacidosis: A serious condition stemming from uncontrolled diabetes, where ketones accumulate in the absence of insulin.
Diagnostic Tests
- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS): Measures blood glucose levels after fasting for 8-10 hours to diagnose diabetes.
- Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU): Evaluates thyroid function and helps diagnose hyperthyroidism causes.
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH): Assesses hormone levels to diagnose hypothyroidism and monitor treatment.
Diabetes Types
- Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Characterized by excessive thirst and urine production due to lack of antidiuretic hormone.
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: An autoimmune condition typically starting in childhood with insulin deficiency.
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Often develops in middle age, associated with insulin resistance primarily in obese individuals.
Surgical Interventions
- Adrenalectomy: Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, often due to tumors or hyperactivity.
- Thyroidectomy: Excision of the thyroid gland, commonly performed in cases of hyperthyroidism or cancer.
Additional Conditions
- Tetany: Muscle spasms due to low calcium levels from parathyroid hormone deficiency.
- Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland, which may result from iodine deficiency or autoimmune disorders.
- Panhypopituitarism: Complete deficiency in pituitary hormones, impacting all endocrine functions.
Hormones and Regulation
- Hormones: Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands, influencing metabolism, growth, and tissue functions.
- Euglycemia: Refers to normal blood sugar levels, crucial for overall health.
- Metabolism: Encompasses all biochemical processes that sustain life within an organism.
Symptoms and Signs
- Poly/dipsia: Abnormal increase in thirst, often associated with diabetes.
- Exophthalmos: Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, often seen in hyperthyroid conditions.
- Myxedema: Severe hypothyroidism in adults, causing facial puffiness and other systemic effects.
Summary of Endocrinology
- The endocrine system plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis through hormonal regulation.
- Diseases can arise from hormone deficiencies or excesses, impacting numerous bodily functions.
- Understanding key terms, conditions, and treatments is vital for navigating the complexities of endocrine health.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key vocabulary related to the endocrine system. This quiz covers essential terms and glands, including their functions and associated conditions. Perfect for students studying biology or healthcare-related fields.