Endocrine System Vocabulary Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does Adren/o, adrenal/o refer to?

  • Endocrine
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenal glands (correct)

    • What is the meaning of Endocrino/o?

  • Thyroid gland
  • Endocrine (correct)
  • Extremities
  • Adrenal glands

    • What does Parathyroid/o indicate?

  • Parathyroid glands (correct)
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland

    • Pituitar/o refers to which gland?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyr/o, thyroid/o denotes which gland?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Acr/o refer to?

    <p>Extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of Calc/i?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dips/o signify?

    <p>Thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kal/i refers to which element?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natr/o mean?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Acromegaly.

    <p>Enlargement of extremities and face due to excessive growth hormone after puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hypo/natr/emia?

    <p>Deficient sodium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Adrenal/itis refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Adreno/megaly?

    <p>Enlargement of the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Hypercalcemia.

    <p>Excessive calcium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hyperglycemia signify?

    <p>Excessive sugar in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hyperkalemia?

    <p>Excessive potassium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Hyperparathyroidism.

    <p>Condition of excessive parathyroid gland activity resulting in hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hyperthyroidism?

    <p>State of excessive thyroid gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hypothyroidism refer to?

    <p>Deficient thyroid gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hyperpituitarism?

    <p>State of excessive pituitary gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Hypopituitarism.

    <p>State of deficient pituitary gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Panhypopituitarism mean?

    <p>Total deficient pituitary gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Parathyroidoma?

    <p>Tumor of a parathyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Thyroiditis indicate?

    <p>Inflammation of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)?

    <p>Blood test to determine glucose levels after fasting for 8-10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) measure?

    <p>Thyroid function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH) test?

    <p>Measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormones in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Diabetes Insipidus (DI).

    <p>Result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?

    <p>Chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Gigantism.

    <p>Condition caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Addison Disease?

    <p>Chronic syndrome due to deficiency in adrenal cortex hormonal secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Congenital Hypothyroidism?

    <p>Condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Cushing Syndrome.

    <p>Group of signs and symptoms due to excessive cortisol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Graves Disease?

    <p>Autoimmune disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Ketoacidosis.

    <p>Serious condition from uncontrolled diabetes with ketone accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Metabolic Syndrome?

    <p>Group of symptoms including insulin resistance and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Myxedema.

    <p>Condition resulting from extreme deficiency of thyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tetany mean?

    <p>Muscle spasms due to low calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Diabetes mellitus type 1?

    <p>Autoimmune disease with abrupt onset in childhood; characterized by polyuria and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Diabetes Mellitus type 2.

    <p>Condition of insulin resistance; typically develops in middle age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Adrenalectomy mean?

    <p>Excision of one or both adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pancreatectomy?

    <p>Excision of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Parathyroidectomy refer to?

    <p>Excision of one or more parathyroid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Thyroidectomy?

    <p>Excision of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Adrenocortiohyperplasia.

    <p>Excessive development of the adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Adreno/pathy?

    <p>Disease of the adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is an Endocrinologist?

    <p>Physician who studies and treats endocrine diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Euglycemia?

    <p>Normal level of sugar in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Eu/thyroid.

    <p>Resembling a normal thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Glyc/emia refer to?

    <p>Sugar in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Poly/dipsia?

    <p>Abnormal state of much thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Syndrome mean?

    <p>Run together signs and symptoms of a specific disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Exophthalmos?

    <p>Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Hormone.

    <p>Chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Isthmus mean?

    <p>Narrow strip of tissue connecting larger body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Metabolism?

    <p>Sum total of all chemical processes in an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Endocrine System Vocabulary

    • Adren/o, adrenal/o: Refers to adrenal glands which produce hormones vital for stress response and metabolic functions.
    • Endocrino/o: Pertains to the endocrine system, a network of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
    • Parathyroid/o: Refers to parathyroid glands, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood.
    • Pituitar/o: Denotes the pituitary gland, often called the "master gland," as it regulates other endocrine glands.
    • Thyr/o, thyroid/o: Relates to the thyroid gland which controls metabolism and hormonal balance.

    Key Terms and Conditions

    • Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities and facial features due to excess growth hormone production after puberty.
    • Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by excessive sugar in the blood, often related to diabetes.
    • Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the thyroid gland seen in conditions like Graves Disease, resulting in rapid metabolism and weight loss.
    • Hypothyroidism: Underactivity of the thyroid gland leading to symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.

    Hormonal Conditions

    • Addison Disease: Results from insufficient hormone secretions from the adrenal cortex, leading to weakness and weight loss.
    • Cushing Syndrome: Caused by excessive cortisol production; symptoms include a "moon face" and abdominal fat accumulation.
    • Ketoacidosis: A serious condition stemming from uncontrolled diabetes, where ketones accumulate in the absence of insulin.

    Diagnostic Tests

    • Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS): Measures blood glucose levels after fasting for 8-10 hours to diagnose diabetes.
    • Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU): Evaluates thyroid function and helps diagnose hyperthyroidism causes.
    • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH): Assesses hormone levels to diagnose hypothyroidism and monitor treatment.

    Diabetes Types

    • Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Characterized by excessive thirst and urine production due to lack of antidiuretic hormone.
    • Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: An autoimmune condition typically starting in childhood with insulin deficiency.
    • Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Often develops in middle age, associated with insulin resistance primarily in obese individuals.

    Surgical Interventions

    • Adrenalectomy: Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, often due to tumors or hyperactivity.
    • Thyroidectomy: Excision of the thyroid gland, commonly performed in cases of hyperthyroidism or cancer.

    Additional Conditions

    • Tetany: Muscle spasms due to low calcium levels from parathyroid hormone deficiency.
    • Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland, which may result from iodine deficiency or autoimmune disorders.
    • Panhypopituitarism: Complete deficiency in pituitary hormones, impacting all endocrine functions.

    Hormones and Regulation

    • Hormones: Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands, influencing metabolism, growth, and tissue functions.
    • Euglycemia: Refers to normal blood sugar levels, crucial for overall health.
    • Metabolism: Encompasses all biochemical processes that sustain life within an organism.

    Symptoms and Signs

    • Poly/dipsia: Abnormal increase in thirst, often associated with diabetes.
    • Exophthalmos: Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, often seen in hyperthyroid conditions.
    • Myxedema: Severe hypothyroidism in adults, causing facial puffiness and other systemic effects.

    Summary of Endocrinology

    • The endocrine system plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis through hormonal regulation.
    • Diseases can arise from hormone deficiencies or excesses, impacting numerous bodily functions.
    • Understanding key terms, conditions, and treatments is vital for navigating the complexities of endocrine health.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key vocabulary related to the endocrine system. This quiz covers essential terms and glands, including their functions and associated conditions. Perfect for students studying biology or healthcare-related fields.

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