Endocrine System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of hypopituitarism?

Increased growth hormone

Pituitary adenoma (correct)

Hypersecreting tumor

Excessive thyroid hormone

What is the main function of ACTH in the endocrine system?

Promote growth of bones and tissues

Increase metabolic rate

Stimulate the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids (correct)

Signal the thyroid to produce T3 and T4

Which symptom is associated with decreased secretion of TSH?

Increased libido

Weight gain (correct)

Weight loss

Thickening of bones

What is a characteristic of acromegaly?

Thickening of bones in hands and face Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly prescribed for hypopituitarism related to growth hormone deficiency?

Somatropin Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Low energy, fatigue, and weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to treat hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine (Synthoid T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of untreated hypothyroidism?

Myxedema coma Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in patients who underwent a hypophysectomy?

Vital signs and neuro assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypothyroidism?

Excessive physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key nursing action after a thyroidectomy procedure?

Ensure oral suction is available at the bedside Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT typically prescribed for managing hyperthyroidism?

Levothyroxine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Heat intolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for monitoring post-thyroidectomy patients?

Regular monitoring of the voice for signs of tetany Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hyperthyroidism complications?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary priority in the medical management of a thyroid crisis?

Initiate airway and fluid resuscitation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cue for hypoparathyroidism?

Severe muscle cramps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

What typically causes hypoglycemia in diabetes management?

Insulin peak times Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cue for diabetes type 2?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary recommendation is important for managing hypoparathyroidism?

High calcium and low phosphorus diet Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored closely in a patient with potential thyroid storm?

Respiratory compromise and dysrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms indicates possible hypocalcemia?

Muscle spasms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common nursing action for diabetes management?

Monitor glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Med-Surg NUR 425 Exam 4 Study Guide

Pituitary Disorders:
Hypopituitarism (Anterior Pituitary): Underproduction of pituitary hormones.
Causes/Risk Factors: Benign tumors (adenomas), strokes, postpartum hemorrhages, head trauma.
Hormonal Function/Cues (ACTH, GH, TSH): ACTH targets adrenal cortex for cortisol release, GH targets bones/tissues, TSH targets thyroid for T3 & T4. Decreased hormones lead to specific symptoms e.g. decrease glucocorticoids results in decreased glucose, cortisol and stress, decreased mineralocorticoids decrease blood pressure, increased potassium.
Treatment: Hydrocortisone/Prednisone (for ACTH deficiency), Synthroid (for TSH deficiency), Somatropin/Genotropin (for GH deficiency).
Hyperpituitarism (Anterior Pituitary): Hypersecretion of pituitary hormones.
Causes/Risk Factors: Hypersecreting tumors, genetic associations, more common in females.
Hormonal Cues (ACTH, GH, TSH): Increased hormones lead to specific symptoms, e.g., too much ACTH ⇒ Cushing's disease (increased cortisol), too much GH ⇒ Acromegaly (bone thickening).
Treatment: Ketoconazole/Mitotanec (for ACTH), Propylthiouracil/Methimazole (for TSH). , Octreotide/Pasireotide (for GH), Bromocriptine (for Acromegaly)

Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism (Myxedema/Myxedema Coma): Underactive thyroid.
Risk Factors/Causes: Hashimoto's autoimmune disease, thyroid surgeries, iodine deficiency.
Cues: Low metabolic rate (fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance), low energy, low appetite, and more susceptible to cold temperatures. Myxedema coma is a severe form with decreased CO, contractility, cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion, and decreased GI motility (constipation/distention).
Medical Management: Levothyroxine (Synthroid T4)
Nursing Actions: Monitor vital signs, assess skin, monitor lab values (especially thyroid hormone levels and calcium if thyroid/parathyroid removal), education about medication/disease process.
Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis): Overactive thyroid.
Risk Factors/Causes: Graves' disease (most common), autoimmune, stress, infections, excessive iodine intakes.
Cues: Increased metabolic rate (weight loss, heat intolerance, nervousness, tachycardia, etc.). Exophthalmos & goiter also common.
Medical Management: Meds like Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole (Tapazole), iodine-based solutions may be used, radioactive iodine, and surgery.
Nursing Actions: Monitor vital signs, cardiac function, adequate fluid intake, monitor CBC.

Parathyroid Disorders

Hypoparathyroidism: Underactive parathyroid, decreasing calcium levels.
Risk Factors: Autoimmune issues, most commonly surgery.
Cues: Decreased calcium levels lead to symptoms like muscle cramps, spasms in hands and feet, tetany (severe muscle spasms).
Treatment: Supplemental calcium & Vitamin D
Nursing Actions: Monitor vital signs, assess cues for hypocalcemia, monitor calcium levels (ionized calcium is the active form), and educate patients about disease process and medications.
Hyperparathyroidism: Overactive parathyroid: increases calcium levels.
Risk Factors: Women are at a higher risk.
Cues: Prolonged PR, short QT intervals, GI issues (anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain), lethargy, confusion, muscle weakness, bone pain/fractures.
Treatment: IV fluids, furosemide, calcitonin, phosphate.
**Nursing Actions:**Administer oral phosphates as ordered, strain urine, education, and monitoring vital signs and for hypocalcemic cues.

Diabetes

Diabetes Type 1 and 2:
Type 1: Autoimmune, requiring insulin.
Type 2: Insulin resistance, often related to lifestyle.
Risk Factors: Family history (obesity is a risk factor for Type 2)
Cues: Type 1: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss; Type 2: typically gradual onset.
Assessment/Management: Medical management for both includes monitoring blood glucose levels. Regular monitoring and diet are key to both types.
Nursing Actions: Monitor vitals (BP/HR), educate patients, monitor blood glucose levels.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the endocrine system with this quiz focusing on hypopituitarism, ACTH functions, and thyroid disorders. Explore symptoms, treatments, and characteristics of related conditions. Perfect for students and health enthusiasts alike!