30 Questions
Which gland is stimulated by the release of PTH from the anterior pituitary?
Parathyroid gland
What is the function of TSH?
Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones
What is the function of ACTH?
Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids
Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
LH
Which hormone stimulates the testes to produce testosterone in males?
LH
Which hormone inhibits the release of Growth Hormone?
GHIH
What is the function of GH (Growth Hormone)?
Stimulates cell growth and replication
Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to reduced plasma volume?
Aldosterone
Which hormone is released when low plasma glucose levels occur?
Catecholamines
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids?
Lipase
Which receptors are up-regulated after four weeks of exercise?
GLUT receptors
Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary in response to dehydration?
Antidiuretic Hormone
Which phase of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is dominated by glucocorticoids?
Alarm Phase
Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to stress?
Cortisol
Which organ systems may experience failure during the Exhaustion Phase of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
All organ systems
Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water by the kidneys?
Antidiuretic Hormone
Which hormone stimulates milk production in females?
PRH
Which hormone inhibits the release of Prolactin and milk production?
PIH
Which hormone decreases water loss in the kidneys and elevates blood pressure?
ADH
Which hormone stimulates contraction cells in mammary glands and smooth muscle cells in the uterus?
Oxytocin
Which gland produces T3 and T4 hormones that regulate metabolism?
Thyroid gland
Which gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to low calcium levels?
Parathyroid gland
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake?
Insulin
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?
Controlling sexual reproduction
What is the difference between paracrine communication and hormonal communication?
Paracrine communication occurs between cells within one tissue, while hormonal communication occurs between distant target tissues.
What are up-regulation and down-regulation?
Processes where target cells form more or lose receptors in response to hormones.
What is the difference between tropic hormones and trophic hormones?
Tropic hormones stimulate the release of another hormone, while trophic hormones stimulate growth and nourishment of a gland.
What are neurohormones?
Hormones released by neurons into the bloodstream.
Which part of the body has both neural and endocrine functions?
Hypothalamus
How many important peptide hormones does the pituitary gland release?
Nine
Study Notes
The Endocrine System: Key Facts and Functions
- The endocrine system includes cells and tissues that produce hormones or paracrine factors.
- It functions to maintain an optimal biochemical environment, influence metabolic activities, regulate growth and development, and control sexual reproduction.
- Paracrine communication refers to chemical messengers between cells within one tissue, while hormones are chemicals secreted into the bloodstream for transport to distant target tissues.
- Up-regulation and down-regulation are processes where target cells form more or lose receptors in response to hormones.
- Tropic hormones stimulate the release of another hormone, while trophic hormones stimulate growth and nourishment of a gland.
- Stress is any condition that threatens homeostasis, and neurohormones are hormones released by neurons into the bloodstream.
- The pancreas has clusters of endocrine cells called pancreatic islets, and the hypothalamus has both neural and endocrine functions.
- The hypothalamus regulates both the nervous and endocrine systems, secretes regulatory hormones, and exerts direct neural control over the endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae.
- The pituitary gland releases nine important peptide hormones, divided into the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).
- The nervous system can modify the stimulation of endocrine glands and their negative feedback mechanisms.
- Hormone concentrations in the blood reflect the rate of release and the speed of inactivation and removal from the body.
- The endocrine system is responsible for both short-term crisis management and long-term ongoing metabolic activity management.
Test your knowledge on the key facts and functions of the endocrine system with this informative quiz. Explore topics such as hormone production, regulation, and the role of various glands. Challenge yourself and learn more about this crucial system that regulates our body's biochemical environment.
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