Endocrine System Quiz

<p>Cortisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovaries and testes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibromyalgia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate ADH synthesis or release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes insipidus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial plethora (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Releasing corticosteroid hormones and epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lithium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graves' disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating sperm production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transmit messages to target organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficiency in iodine intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased thyroid hormone secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroidectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute intoxication with thyroid hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results from hypofunction of the adrenal gland. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat intolerance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoantibodies mimicking TSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goiter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased secretion of adrenocortical hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased energy levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive glucocorticoid administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased renal sodium retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-inflammatory effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired pituitary secretion of corticotropin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive catabolism of protein and peripheral fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addisonian crisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Glands that secrete substances onto the body's surface or into a body cavity.

The pituitary gland controls many functions of other endocrine glands.

The thyroid gland plays an important role in the body's metabolism.

Parathyroid glands regulate the body's calcium balance.

The major components of the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive organs.

Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands that travel in the bloodstream to target cells with specific receptors.

Hormones bind to receptors on target cells, triggering specific cellular functions.

Excess iodine intake can trigger hyperthyroidism. This is due to excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones.

The immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, producing antibodies that mimic TSH. These antibodies stimulate the thyroid, resulting in hyperthyroidism.

Certain medications, like amiodarone, can interfere with thyroid hormone regulation and lead to hyperthyroidism.

An enlarged thyroid gland, or goiter, is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. This enlargement is caused by increased stimulation and metabolic demand.

Hyperthyroidism often presents with symptoms like a rapid heartbeat, weight loss, heat intolerance, and anxiety.

When the pituitary gland doesn't produce enough TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), it can lead to hypothyroidism, as the thyroid receives less stimulation to produce hormones.

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Lack of iodine in the diet can lead to hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and slow heart rate.

Primary hypothyroidism involves direct thyroid damage, while secondary hypothyroidism results from dysfunction of the pituitary or hypothalamus, leading to decreased stimulation of the thyroid.

Addison's disease is a condition where the adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. This leads to various problems, including low blood sugar and mineral imbalances.

A condition where the adrenal glands themselves are not functioning properly, leading to reduced production of crucial hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

A condition where something outside the adrenal glands, like a pituitary issue, prevents the glands from producing sufficient cortisol.

A condition caused by primary adrenal hypofunction, resulting in insufficient production of cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

A result of Addison's disease, leading to low blood sugar levels and potential fatigue.

A result of Addison's disease, leading to sodium loss and increased potassium in the body.

A result of Addison's disease, leading to potential decreased hair growth in certain areas.

A life-threatening condition that can occur in patients with Addison's disease when they face extreme stress without additional steroid support.

A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol, leading to a variety of symptoms.

Cushing's Syndrome can be caused by excess corticotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, ectopic ACTH secretion from a tumor, or excessive glucocorticoid medication.

Prolonged exposure to excess cortisol leads to anti-inflammatory effects and increased protein and fat breakdown to support glucose production.

Symptoms include weight gain, particularly in the face and abdomen, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, and purple stretch marks.

A disorder caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive thirst and urination.

It can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or kidneys, or by a lack of response to ADH.

A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to lack of insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.

Type 1: Absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2: Insulin resistance. Gestational: Temporary glucose intolerance during pregnancy.

An autoimmune reaction attacks the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a reduction in insulin production.

Located on top of each kidney.

Produce and release corticosteroid hormones and epinephrine, which maintain blood pressure and regulate metabolism.

Located across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.

Plays a role in digestion and hormone production, including insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.

Produce testosterone and sperm.

To regulate metabolic processes of the body.

Regulating metabolism, controlling reproduction, balancing fluids and electrolytes, maintaining internal environment, and stimulating growth and development.

Chemicals released by glands that travel in the bloodstream to target organs with specific receptors.

A complex system of feedback loops maintain balanced levels of all hormones.

A metabolic imbalance caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone.