30 Questions
Which cells within the pancreas secrete insulin?
Beta Cells
What is the mnemonic for remembering the functions of the adrenal cortex hormones?
MAKE GOOD SWEETS
What is the primary function of glucagon?
Stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose and when serum glucose levels are low to fight against hypoglycemia
What is the primary function of insulin?
Releases when serum glucose levels rise, Unlocks cells for glucose entry, insulin is the key
What triggers the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
Hypothalamus signaling to the Anterior Pituitary Gland acts on the liver when the body is stressed
What are the functions of gonadocorticoids (Androgens)?
Contribute to libido
What is the mnemonic for remembering the hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla and Cortex?
SALT, SEX & SUGAR
What is the role of glucocorticoids (Cortisol) in the body?
Stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose Provides energy sources to the body & ensures glucose availability for the brain
What is the function of ACTH in the release of cortisol?
Travels to the adrenal cortex and stimulates release of cortisol
What are the side effects of certain drugs on the endocrine system?
Something wrong with a different gland/organ affecting the endocrine gland
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones produced by the endocrine system?
Control of voluntary muscle movement
What is the role of the 'Lock & Key' system in the endocrine system?
To ensure that hormones only affect specific target cells
Which feedback system is most common in the endocrine system?
Negative feedback system
What happens when the body's condition moves away from the normal range in a negative feedback system?
The gland increases the release of a hormone
Where do hormones flow through in the body?
Capillaries
What is the primary function of hormones secreted by the endocrine system?
To help maintain homeostasis within the body
What is the 'Lock & Key' system analogous to?
A key fitting into a lock
What is the role of the receptor site in the 'Lock & Key' system?
To ensure the hormone only affects specific target cells
What does the negative feedback system do in response to changes in the controlled condition?
Stimulates the release of more hormones
How do hormones travel throughout the body?
Through capillaries in the bloodstream
Which gland is responsible for producing regulatory hormones to stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary gland hormone release?
Hypothalamus
Which gland stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus?
Pituitary gland
Which hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone FSH LH ACTH TSH Prolactin (Ignore) GH
What does the thyroid gland produce that is essential for metabolic activity and regulation of calcium levels?
Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and calcitonin
What should be done cautiously due to potential hormone release?
Palpation of the thyroid gland
What does the parathyroid gland produce to raise serum calcium levels and lower phosphate levels?
Parathyroid hormone {pth} pulls calcium from bones and raises serum calcium and lowers phosphate levels
Which part of the adrenal glands releases catecholamines during stress, affecting the body's stress response and causing sympathetic nervous system response?
Adrenal medulla
What does the adrenal cortex produce that regulates electrolyte balance, stress response, and sexual characteristics?
Corticosteroids
What is essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health?
Proper functioning of the endocrine system
Which gland is responsible for releasing tropic hormones that send messages to other endocrine glands?
Anterior pituitary gland
Study Notes
Endocrine System Overview
- Endocrine glands include pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.
- Hypothalamus produces regulatory hormones to stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary gland hormone release.
- Anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hypothalamus and contains tropic hormones that send messages to other endocrine glands.
- Posterior pituitary gland stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus.
- Thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin are released by the anterior pituitary gland.
- Thyroid gland produces triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and calcitonin, essential for metabolic activity and regulation of calcium levels.
- Palpation of the thyroid gland should be done cautiously due to potential hormone release.
- Parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone to raise serum calcium levels and lower phosphate levels.
- Adrenal glands consist of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex, releasing epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids.
- Adrenal medulla releases catecholamines during stress, affecting the body's stress response and causing sympathetic nervous system response.
- Adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and androgens, regulating electrolyte balance, stress response, and sexual characteristics.
- Proper functioning of the endocrine system is essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health.
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with this informative quiz. Explore the functions of key glands and hormones, and understand the vital role they play in maintaining overall health and homeostasis.
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