Endocrine System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system's secretions?

  • To protect the body from external damage
  • To produce heat
  • To nourish the body
  • To regulate certain bodily functions (correct)

    • What type of receptors do hormones bind to in target organs?

  • Neither membranous nor cytoplasmic receptors
  • Both membranous and cytoplasmic receptors (correct)
  • Only cytoplasmic receptors
  • Only membranous receptors

    • What is the function of steroid hormones?

  • They affect DNA directly
  • They can enter cells and affect DNA (correct)
  • They are destroyed by the liver
  • They affect membranes only

    • What is the name of the system that combines the nervous and endocrine systems?

    <p>Neuroendocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the thyroid gland?

    <p>In the anterior part of the upper neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Like the wings of a butterfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to calcium in blood when there is a 𝑐𝑎+2 deficiency?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the adrenal glands located?

    <p>Anterior upper pole of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete?

    <p>Adrenaline and noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona glomerulosa?

    <p>Secretion of corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form the follicles in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Cuboidal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of cells in the zona reticularis?

    <p>No distinct arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Synthesis and secretion of calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Reaction with iodine to form T4 and T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells can be seen in the medulla?

    <p>Both b and a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Stimulation of thyroid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium level?

    <p>Increases blood calcium level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parathyroid glands are there in the endocrine system?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells surround the unmyelinated axons in the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Pituicytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of MSH secreted by the Pars intermedia?

    <p>Increase in the number of melanosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting FSH and LH hormones?

    <p>Pars tuberalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of somatostatin secreted by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Inhibition of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the pituitary gland do not stain darkly?

    <p>Chromophobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone secreted by thyrotropes that stimulates the thyroid gland?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of melatonin secreted by the pineal body?

    <p>Regulating wake-sleep cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Secretion of mineral corticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcitonin secreted by para follicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Inhibiting osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of para thyroid hormone?

    <p>Stimulating osteoclast activity and raising blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hormones in the endocrine system?

    <p>To regulate physiological activities in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of steroid hormones?

    <p>They can enter the cell and affect the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of the nervous and endocrine systems?

    <p>Neuroendocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the thyroid gland?

    <p>In the anterior part of the upper neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peptides in the endocrine system?

    <p>To affect the cell membrane and trigger a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cytoplasmic receptors?

    <p>They are located in the cytoplasm of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the colloid in the thyroid gland?

    <p>To store thyroglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of C cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>To synthesise and secrete calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the thyroid gland?

    <p>It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of T4 and T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Behind the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

    <p>It increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form the majority of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the infundibulum?

    <p>To connect the pituitary gland with the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the Pars distalis?

    <p>Both chromophobe and chromophil cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MSH secreted by the Pars intermedia?

    <p>To increase the number of melanosomes in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of somatostatin secreted by the hypothalamus?

    <p>To cause the pituitary to stop the release of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acidophils in the pituitary gland?

    <p>To secrete somatotropes (HGH) and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the hypothalamus?

    <p>In the lower central part of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hormone secreted by the pineal body?

    <p>Regulation of wake-sleep cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona fasciculata in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Secretion of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclast activity?

    <p>It inhibits osteoclast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on calcium in blood when there is a 𝑐𝑎+2 deficiency?

    <p>Increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Secretion of mineral corticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the adrenal cortex composed of the zona reticularis?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the adrenal glands' stroma?

    <p>Reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of cells in the zona fasciculata?

    <p>In longitudinal chains parallel to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are present in the medulla of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Polyhedral secretory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medulla of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Secretes adrenaline and increases heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the pineal body to regulate the wake-sleep cycle?

    <p>Melatonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Secrete calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclast activity?

    <p>Inhibits osteoclast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona fasciculata?

    <p>Secretion of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone that regulates the wake-sleep cycle?

    <p>Melatonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona glomerulosa?

    <p>Secretion of mineralocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Preparation of the body for energy demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on blood calcium levels?

    <p>Increases calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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