Endocrine System: Pituitary and Thyroid Glands

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

To regulate various bodily functions by producing and secreting hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands (correct)

To store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus

To produce hormones that directly regulate bodily functions

To regulate metabolism by producing thyroid hormones

Which hormone stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormones?

Growth hormone (GH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Prolactin

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)

What is the function of the posterior pituitary?

To produce hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

To regulate metabolism by producing thyroid hormones

To regulate various bodily functions by producing and secreting hormones

To store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus (correct)

What is the structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Pituitary stalk Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the thyroid gland where thyroid hormones are produced and stored?

Follicles Signup and view all the answers

What happens when thyroid hormone levels are high?

The production of TSH decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the anterior pituitary?

Producing hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the pituitary gland stimulates the production of hormones by the adrenal glands?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Regulating metabolism, growth, and development Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the adrenal glands produces catecholamines?

Adrenal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin produced by the pancreas?

Regulating blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the adrenal glands is involved in electrolyte balance?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that consists of the exocrine pancreas and the endocrine pancreas?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the pituitary gland stimulates the production of growth and development?

Growth hormone (GH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glucagon produced by the pancreas?

Raising blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pituitary gland stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

Posterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pituitary Gland

Location: Base of the brain, connected to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk
Function: Regulates various bodily functions by producing and secreting hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
Divisions:
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis): Produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis): Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus
Hormones produced:
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Prolactin
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Thyroid Gland

Location: Neck, anterior to the trachea
Function: Regulates metabolism by producing thyroid hormones
Structure:
- Two lobes connected by the isthmus
- Follicles: Functional units of the thyroid gland where thyroid hormones are produced and stored
Hormones produced:
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Thyroxine (T4)
Regulation:
- TSH from the pituitary gland stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormones
- Negative feedback loop: High levels of thyroid hormones inhibit the production of TSH

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Description

Learn about the structure, function, and hormones produced by the pituitary and thyroid glands, including their regulation and negative feedback loops.