Endocrine System Overview Quiz

What is the primary function of calcitonin produced by the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

To stimulate bone resorption
To decrease blood calcium levels (correct)
To promote calcium reabsorption in the kidneys
To increase blood calcium levels

Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the production of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland?

Cortisol
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Insulin

Which of the following is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced by the parathyroid gland?

To stimulate insulin production
To increase blood glucose levels
To increase blood calcium levels (correct)
To decrease blood calcium levels

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels?

Inhibiting insulin production (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Regulating sodium and water balance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for producing glucagon?

Alpha cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inhibin produced by the testes?

To regulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from the anterior pituitary (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the ovaries is responsible for regulating the female reproductive cycle?

Progesterone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hormone produced by an organ other than the major endocrine glands?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the adrenal medulla is responsible for the physiological changes associated with the fight-or-flight response?

Epinephrine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine gland?

Liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

Regulate metabolic rate and tissue development (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a water-soluble hormone?

Human growth hormone (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do lipid-soluble hormones influence cell activity?

By diffusing through the cell membrane and binding to intracellular receptors in the nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the anterior pituitary gland?

To produce hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the activity of the anterior pituitary gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the activity of the pituitary gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior pituitary gland?

To store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can influence a cell's response to hormones?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the mechanism of action of water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones?

Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane, while lipid-soluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors in the nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers