44 Questions
What is the function of hormones secreted by the endocrine system?
Have an effect upon a particular tissue or organ
Which type of receptors are found in the target organs for hormones?
Membranous
How do steroids hormones typically affect cells?
By entering the cell and affecting DNA
Which gland is located in the anterior part of the upper neck, resembling the wings of a butterfly?
Thyroid gland
What distinguishes peptides from steroids in terms of their hormonal effects?
Steroids affect DNA upon cell entry
Which glands are considered part of the neuroendocrine system?
Pituitary gland
What is the function of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?
Synthesis and secretion of calcitonin
What stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete T4 and T3?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which type of cells secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Chief cells
What is stored in the lumen of follicles in the thyroid gland?
Colloid gelatinous material
What is the role of T4 and T3 in the thyroid gland once they are secreted into the blood?
Negative feedback on TSH secretion
Where are the parathyroid glands located in relation to the thyroid gland?
Behind the thyroid gland
What is the role of PTH in case of 𝑐𝑎+2 deficiency?
Increases Ca in blood
Where are the adrenal (suprarenal) glands located?
Anterior upper pole of the kidney
Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes a series of hormones called corticosteroids?
Zona fasciculata
What type of cells are found in the adrenal medulla?
Polyhydral cells arranged in chains
Which system controls the adrenal glands?
Sympathetic nervous system
How are the cells arranged in the Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?
In cords and chains or arches
What type of cells make up the posterior pituitary gland?
Pituicytes
Which part of the pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH hormones?
Pars tuberalis
What is the function of Mammotropes in the pituitary gland?
Stimulate milk secretion from mammary gland
Which cell type in the pituitary gland secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Thyrotropes
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to inhibit the release of growth hormone?
Somatostatin
What is the role of Pars intermedia in the pituitary gland?
Increase melanosomes in the skin
Where is the Pineal body located?
Middle of the brain
Which layer of the Adrenal cortex secretes mineral corticoids like Aldosterone?
Zona Glomerulosa
What hormone is secreted by the Para follicular cells of the Thyroid gland?
Calcitonin
Which layer of the Adrenal cortex prepares the body for energy demands by secreting glucocorticoids like cortisol?
Zona Fasciculata
What does Parathyroid hormone do in relation to calcium levels?
Stimulate osteoclast activity
Which hormone secreted by the pineal body helps regulate the wake-sleep cycle of the body?
Melatonin
What is the primary function of the Zona Glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?
Secretes mineral corticoids
Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for preparing the body for energy demands?
Zona Fasciculata
What do Para follicular cells in the thyroid gland secrete?
Calcitonin
Which hormone works in opposition to parathyroid hormone by adding calcium to the bony matrix?
Calcitonin
The Pineal body secretes a hormone called insulin.
False
The Adrenal cortex is derived from ectoderm.
False
Zona Fasciculate in the Adrenal cortex secretes mineral corticoids.
False
The Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and dopamine.
False
Thyroid gland Para follicular cells secrete calcitonin that stimulates osteoclast activity.
False
Parathyroid hormone decreases calcium levels in the blood.
False
Zona Reticularis in the Adrenal cortex secretes gonadocorticoids.
True
Thyroid gland Para follicular cells work in opposition to Parathyroid hormone in calcium regulation.
True
Zona Glomerulosa in the Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids.
False
Adrenal Cortex consists of two layers: Zona Fasciculate and Zona Reticularis.
False
Learn about the endocrine system, composed mainly of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Discover the two types of receptors (Membranous and Cytoplasmic) and the two types of hormones (Steroids and Peptides) involved in endocrine signaling.
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