Endocrine System Overview and Homeostasis

Sweat, saliva, and mucus.

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.

Target tissues are specific tissues that recognize and are affected by a particular hormone.

<p>The amount of hormone released and the hormone concentration in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means some hormones work against each other to maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormones can cross cell membranes because they are fat-soluble, while non-steroid hormones cannot because they are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus controls the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland and acts as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it controls the other endocrine glands associated with hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system's primary function is to regulate the body's daily rhythms and functions, and to maintain homeostasis by controlling the release of hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis is the process by which a constant internal environment is maintained during changes in the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body temperature, blood pressure, and blood pH are three specific physiological parameters that need to be kept within certain limites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main mechanisms are negative feedback and positive feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones, released into the bloodstream, to transmit messages throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system reacts quickly and directs messages to specific places, while the endocrine system reacts slowly and has effects that can last for hours, days or weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones are chemicals that circulate in the blood, which play a role in regulating almost all organs and tissues in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine glands secrete substances through tubes or ducts, whereas endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rising blood glucose level, particularly after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen after insulin release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood glucose levels decline to a set point after insulin is released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A declining blood glucose level triggers the pancreas to release glucagon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon prompts the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate the production of hormones from other endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone stimulates sperm production and causes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones can affect drowsiness and mood disorders such as depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) regulates cell metabolism; Growth Hormone (GH) stimulates growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus, while the anterior lobe produces its own hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin regulates the levels of calcium in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal cortex produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels; the adrenal medulla produces adrenalin and noradrenalin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood sugar levels trigger insulin secretion, while low levels trigger glucagon secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and triggers milk release during breastfeeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintain a constant internal environment in the body despite changes in the surroundings.

A group of tissues and organs that release hormones to control body processes.

Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system that travel through the blood to target cells.

Glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream.

The main glands in the endocrine system are: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads.

Secrete substances through tubes or ducts, like sweat glands releasing sweat.

Glands that secrete hormones via a duct, like salivary glands releasing saliva.

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, like the thyroid gland releasing thyroid hormones.

Glands that secrete substances like sweat, saliva, and mucus directly onto a surface via ducts.

Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts.

Chemical messengers produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target tissues.

The amount of hormone released, hormone concentration in the blood, blood flow to the target tissue, hormone half-life, and health status.

Hormones can either stimulate (increase) or inhibit (decrease) the activity of their target tissues.

Hormones that work against each other to maintain a stable balance (homeostasis) in the body.

Hormones derived from cholesterol, fat-soluble, and can cross cell membranes.

Hormones made of proteins or amino acids, not fat-soluble, and require receptors on cell surfaces.

Hormones produced by the pituitary gland that control the activity of other endocrine glands.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces and releases hormones responsible for regulating various bodily functions.

TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone, which regulates cell metabolism by controlling the thyroid gland.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are involved in sexual development and reproduction.

GH, also known as somatotropin, stimulates growth and development.

ACTH, or adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulates the adrenal glands to release hormones related to stress response.

Prolactin (PRL) is responsible for stimulating milk production in females.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

The pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels rise, causing liver cells to take up glucose and store it as glycogen, which lowers blood glucose levels.

The pancreas releases glucagon into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels fall, causing the liver to break down stored glycogen and release glucose into the blood, raising blood glucose levels.

Testosterone, produced in the testicles, is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and stimulates sperm production.

Estrogen, produced in the ovaries, is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Progesterone, produced in the ovaries, maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy.

The pineal gland produces melatonin, which influences sleep patterns, mood, and seasonal affective disorder.

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, regulating various bodily functions.