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Questions and Answers
Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for aldosterone biosynthesis?
Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for aldosterone biosynthesis?
What type of hormones are synthesized by the adrenal medulla?
What type of hormones are synthesized by the adrenal medulla?
What is the half-life of catecholamines in the circulation?
What is the half-life of catecholamines in the circulation?
What are the metabolic effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine?
What are the metabolic effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine?
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What is the precursor of all steroids?
What is the precursor of all steroids?
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Where is cholesterol transported for conversion to pregnenolone?
Where is cholesterol transported for conversion to pregnenolone?
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What is the name of the α globulin that binds cortisol in the circulation?
What is the name of the α globulin that binds cortisol in the circulation?
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Which hormone activates adenylyl cyclase via Gs receptors in adrenocortical cells?
Which hormone activates adenylyl cyclase via Gs receptors in adrenocortical cells?
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Which hormones of the adrenal cortex are derivatives of cholesterol?
Which hormones of the adrenal cortex are derivatives of cholesterol?
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During sleep, which catecholamines are reduced in secretion?
During sleep, which catecholamines are reduced in secretion?
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What is the 'emergency function of the sympathoadrenal system' according to Cannon?
What is the 'emergency function of the sympathoadrenal system' according to Cannon?
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Which steroids are normally secreted in physiologically significant amounts from adrenal tissue?
Which steroids are normally secreted in physiologically significant amounts from adrenal tissue?
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What are the two classes of receptors that norepinephrine and epinephrine act on?
What are the two classes of receptors that norepinephrine and epinephrine act on?
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Which hormone is an important source of estrogens in men and postmenopausal women?
Which hormone is an important source of estrogens in men and postmenopausal women?
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What stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex?
What stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex?
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Which hormone increases the excretion of Na+ and K+?
Which hormone increases the excretion of Na+ and K+?
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Which adrenal cortical zone is responsible for aldosterone biosynthesis?
Which adrenal cortical zone is responsible for aldosterone biosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
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Which hormones are conjugated to sulfate in plasma?
Which hormones are conjugated to sulfate in plasma?
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What are the metabolic effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine?
What are the metabolic effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine?
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Which hormones of the adrenal cortex are involved in glucose and protein metabolism?
Which hormones of the adrenal cortex are involved in glucose and protein metabolism?
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What is the precursor of estrogens in men and postmenopausal women?
What is the precursor of estrogens in men and postmenopausal women?
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Which hormone increases the excretion of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)?
Which hormone increases the excretion of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)?
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What stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?
What stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?
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What is the effect of glucocorticoids on ACTH secretion?
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on ACTH secretion?
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In patients with adrenal insufficiency who have not received glucocorticoids, what reaction may glucose infusion cause?
In patients with adrenal insufficiency who have not received glucocorticoids, what reaction may glucose infusion cause?
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What personality changes are associated with adrenal insufficiency that are reversed by glucocorticoids?
What personality changes are associated with adrenal insufficiency that are reversed by glucocorticoids?
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How do glucocorticoids affect water metabolism in adrenal insufficiency?
How do glucocorticoids affect water metabolism in adrenal insufficiency?
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What is the primary action of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone on Na+ reabsorption?
What is the primary action of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone on Na+ reabsorption?
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What happens when aldosterone binds to its cytoplasmic receptor in the cell?
What happens when aldosterone binds to its cytoplasmic receptor in the cell?
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How do mineralocorticoids affect potassium (K+) excretion in the renal tubules?
How do mineralocorticoids affect potassium (K+) excretion in the renal tubules?
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What is the mechanism through which aldosterone-stimulated proteins affect sodium reabsorption?
What is the mechanism through which aldosterone-stimulated proteins affect sodium reabsorption?
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Which type of adrenergic receptors mediate the vasoconstriction produced by norepinephrine?
Which type of adrenergic receptors mediate the vasoconstriction produced by norepinephrine?
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What is the effect of dopamine on renal vasculature?
What is the effect of dopamine on renal vasculature?
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Which adrenergic receptor mediates the positive inotropic effect of dopamine on the heart?
Which adrenergic receptor mediates the positive inotropic effect of dopamine on the heart?
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What is the physiological function of dopamine in the circulation?
What is the physiological function of dopamine in the circulation?
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During emergency situations, which part of the adrenal gland secretes increased amounts of hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
During emergency situations, which part of the adrenal gland secretes increased amounts of hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
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Which hormone is NOT normally secreted in physiologically significant amounts from adrenal tissue?
Which hormone is NOT normally secreted in physiologically significant amounts from adrenal tissue?
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Which nucleus is found in the structure of hormones derived from the adrenal cortex?
Which nucleus is found in the structure of hormones derived from the adrenal cortex?
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What is the primary function of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone?
What is the primary function of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone?
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Which hormone is the most active androgen secreted from the testes?
Which hormone is the most active androgen secreted from the testes?
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What controls the acute secretion of adrenal androgens?
What controls the acute secretion of adrenal androgens?
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What happens when adrenal androgens are secreted in excessive amounts in males?
What happens when adrenal androgens are secreted in excessive amounts in males?
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How do glucocorticoids affect glucose metabolism?
How do glucocorticoids affect glucose metabolism?
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What effect does free glucocorticoids have on ACTH secretion?
What effect does free glucocorticoids have on ACTH secretion?
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Why can administering steroids not produce the effects of high levels of circulating glucocorticoids?
Why can administering steroids not produce the effects of high levels of circulating glucocorticoids?
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Which hormone is responsible for increasing the sensitivity of the adrenal to subsequent doses of ACTH?
Which hormone is responsible for increasing the sensitivity of the adrenal to subsequent doses of ACTH?
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When does most of the daily production of cortisol occur in humans?
When does most of the daily production of cortisol occur in humans?
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