Endocrine System I: Pituitary and Adrenal Glands
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Questions and Answers

The pituitary gland is formed partly from the developing brain and partly from the developing ______.

oral cavity

The pituitary gland actually consists of two glands—the posterior neurohypophysis and the anterior ______—united anatomically but with different functions.

adenohypophysis

The adenohypophysis is derived from the ______ ectoderm, and has three parts: a large pars distalis or anterior lobe; the pars tuberalis; and the thin pars intermedia.

oral

The main components of the pars distalis are cords of endocrine cells interspersed with fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular connective tissue, mixed in with other things cells arranged in cords loose Cells of Pars distalis ______ and chromophobes.

<p>chromophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basophilic cells in the pars distalis are the corticotrophs which secrete Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Gonadotrophs secrete two different glycoproteins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyrotrophs which secrete Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with target cells in the ______ cortex, gonads, and thyroid gland, respectively.

<p>adrenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acidophils in the pars distalis secrete either growth hormone (somatotropin) or prolactin and are called somatotrophs and lactotrophs respectively. Hormones produced by the pars distalis have widespread functional activities. They regulate almost all other endocrine glands, ovarian function and sperm production, milk production, and the metabolism of muscle, bone, and ______ tissue.

<p>adipose</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pars tuberalis is a smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the ______.

<p>neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most of the cells of the pars tuberalis are ______.

<p>gonadotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pars intermedia is a thin zone of basophilic cells between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis, which usually contains colloid-filled cysts of various ______.

<p>sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pars intermedia (PI) lies between the pars distalis (PD) and the pars nervosa (PN), with ______.

<p>m</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine glands release signaling molecules called ______ for uptake by capillaries and distribution throughout the body.

<p>hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is no secretory duct as in ______ glands.

<p>exocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine cells are typically epithelial in origin, and aggregated as cords or ______.

<p>clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distribution of the hormones to act on target cells with receptors for those hormones at a distance from the site of their secretion is called ______ secretion.

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other endocrine cells produce hormones that act on target cells only a short distance away. This is called ______ secretion.

<p>paracrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juxtacrine secretion, in which a signaling molecule remains on the secreting cell’s surface and affects target cells when the cells make contact, is called ______ secretion.

<p>juxtacrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main objectives of the lecture on the pituitary and adrenal glands?

<p>Recognize different endocrine glands and cells in the body, demonstrate the histological features of specific glands, and illustrate the different secretory cells of each gland and their main function and hormones they secrete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of endocrine gland secretion mentioned in the text?

<p>Endocrine secretion, paracrine secretion, and juxtacrine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hormones secreted by the acidophils in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland?

<p>Growth hormone (somatotropin) and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland?

<p>Cords of endocrine cells interspersed with fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular connective tissue, mixed in with other cells arranged in cords, loose cells of Pars distalis acidophils and chromophobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pars intermedia lie and what does it usually contain?

<p>The pars intermedia lies between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis, and it usually contains colloid-filled cysts of various sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signaling molecules released by endocrine glands for uptake by capillaries and distribution throughout the body?

<p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

<p>The posterior neurohypophysis and the anterior adenohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the adenohypophysis?

<p>Cords of endocrine cells interspersed with fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of cells in the pars distalis and what hormones do they secrete?

<p>Chromophils (basophils and acidophils) and Chromophobes; Basophils secrete ACTH, FSH, LH, and TSH, while Acidophils secrete growth hormone and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hormones produced by the pars distalis?

<p>They regulate almost all other endocrine glands, ovarian function and sperm production, milk production, and the metabolism of muscle, bone, and adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pars tuberalis located and what type of cells are most abundant in it?

<p>The pars tuberalis is a smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis; Most of the cells of the pars tuberalis are gonadotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location and composition of the pars intermedia?

<p>The pars intermedia is a thin zone of basophilic cells between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis, which usually contains colloid-filled cysts of various sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual origin of the pituitary gland?

<p>The pituitary gland is formed partly from the developing brain and partly from the developing oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior neurohypophysis?

<p>The posterior neurohypophysis has different functions from the anterior adenohypophysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chromophils and chromophobes in the pars distalis?

<p>Chromophils are secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules, while chromophobes stain weakly, with few or no secretory granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the adenohypophysis?

<p>The large pars distalis or anterior lobe, the pars tuberalis, and the thin pars intermedia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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