Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?
- Digestion (correct)
- Sex differentiation
- Growth
- Metabolism
Autocrine hormones exert their effects systemically, affecting tissues throughout the body.
Autocrine hormones exert their effects systemically, affecting tissues throughout the body.
False (B)
What characteristic of hormones allows them to interact with specific target cells?
What characteristic of hormones allows them to interact with specific target cells?
High affinity
Lipid-soluble hormones primarily interact with receptors located where?
Lipid-soluble hormones primarily interact with receptors located where?
Endocrine activity is controlled by stimulating or ______ the synthesis and secretion of hormones.
Endocrine activity is controlled by stimulating or ______ the synthesis and secretion of hormones.
Match the following hormones with their producing gland:
Match the following hormones with their producing gland:
In a negative feedback loop involving PTH and calcium, what happens when calcium levels increase?
In a negative feedback loop involving PTH and calcium, what happens when calcium levels increase?
The posterior pituitary synthesizes its own hormones.
The posterior pituitary synthesizes its own hormones.
Which hormone is primarily associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response, mediated by the nervous system's control over endocrine activity?
Which hormone is primarily associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response, mediated by the nervous system's control over endocrine activity?
During the female menstrual cycle, estradiol signals the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH until ______.
During the female menstrual cycle, estradiol signals the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH until ______.
Flashcards
Endocrine System Function
Endocrine System Function
Responsible for growth, sex differentiation, and metabolism.
Hormones
Hormones
Chemical messengers that control information flow between cells and tissues.
Paracrine
Paracrine
A type of signaling where a hormone acts locally on nearby cells.
Autocrine
Autocrine
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Common Hormone Characteristics
Common Hormone Characteristics
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Lipid-Soluble Hormones
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
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Water-Soluble Hormones
Water-Soluble Hormones
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Controlling Hormone Activity
Controlling Hormone Activity
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Negative Feedback Mechanism
Negative Feedback Mechanism
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Anterior Pituitary Regulation
Anterior Pituitary Regulation
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Overview
- Responsible for growth
- Responsible for sex differentiation
- Involved in metabolism
Hormones
- Chemical messengers control information flow between cells and tissues
- Paracrine hormones act locally, such as Follicle Stimulating Hormone acting on the ovaries
- Autocrine hormones are systemic, such as Thyroxine acting on many body tissues
- Common characteristics are that they are secreted at variable yet predictable rates
- Hormones are regulated by feedback systems
- Hormones have the ability to bind to specific target cells with ‘high affinity’
Hormone Synthesis and Transport
- Lipid-soluble hormones penetrate the cell membrane and interact with an intracellular receptor
- Steroid and thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble
- Lipid-soluble hormones travel to the target cell
- Water-soluble hormones bind to a receptor that triggers a messenger and a cell response
- Insulin, growth hormone, and prolactin are water-soluble
- Water-soluble hormones circulate to target tissue
Endocrine Activity Control
- Endocrine Activity is controlled by inhibiting or stimulating synthesis and secretion
- Positive and negative feedback mechanisms are also used to control it
- Nervous system control and physiological rhythms also regulate endocrine activity
Hormone Mechanism of Action
- Hormone receptors recognize specific hormones and translate the hormone signal into a cellular response
- Hormone receptor numbers can be affected by antibodies, hormone levels, and the affinity of the binding hormone
Pituitary Hormones
- Pituitary hormones control the function of many target glands and cells
- The anterior pituitary has five types of hormones: Thyrotrophs-TSH, Corticotrophs-ACTH, Gondatrops- LH/FSH, Somatorops-GH, and Lactotrops-Prolactin
- The posterior pituitary has two types of hormones: Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone
Hypothalamic Hormones
- Anterior pituitary hormones are largely regulated by releasing or inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
- Releasing hormones include CRH, TRH, GnRH, Dopamine (prolactin), and GHRH
- Inhibiting hormones include Somatostatin and PIF
- Posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the cell bodies of neurons in the hypothalamus and have axons that travel to the posterior pituitary which includes ADH and Oxytocin
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