Endocrine System Hormones Quiz

Which of the following is synthesized from L-tryptophan?

What is the molecular weight of thyroglobulin protein?

Which hormone consists of 2 L-tyrosines in each molecule?

What is the result of coupling 1 MIT and 1 DIT?

Which class of hormones is mainly derived from cholesterol?

What is the half-life of the hormone cortisol?

Which hormone is produced and secreted by the pineal gland in the brain to regulate sleep cycles?

What type of hormones require receptors on the cell membrane's inner side and then penetrate the nucleus and bind to a receptor associated with DNA?

Which hormone has a very short half-life of around one minute?

What are the main class of lipid hormones in humans?

Which hormone is associated with the male reproductive system?

Which type of hormones cannot traverse cell membranes and need to attach to specific receptor proteins located on the external surface of the cell membrane?

What are other steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, along with cortisol and aldosterone?

Which hormone is released by the female reproductive system?

Hormones Synthesized from Amino Acids

Melatonin is synthesized from L-tryptophan.
Thyroglobulin protein has a molecular weight of approximately 660,000 daltons.

Hormonal Structures and Coupling

Thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4) consist of two L-tyrosines per molecule.
Coupling 1 Monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and 1 Diiodotyrosine (DIT) results in the formation of Thyroxine (T4).

Hormone Classes and Origins

Steroid hormones are mainly derived from cholesterol, including cortisol and aldosterone.
Lipid hormones in humans primarily include steroid hormones and eicosanoids.

Hormonal Characteristics

The half-life of cortisol is about 60 to 90 minutes.
Melatonin is produced and secreted by the pineal gland to regulate sleep cycles.

Hormone Receptors and Action Mechanisms

Lipophilic hormones require receptors on the inner side of the cell membrane, then penetrate the nucleus and bind to receptors associated with DNA, affecting gene expression.
Peptide and catecholamine hormones cannot traverse cell membranes and attach to specific receptors on the cell membrane's external surface.

Dynamics of Specific Hormones

Insulin has a very short half-life of around one minute.
Testosterone is a key hormone associated with the male reproductive system.
Estrogen is released by the female reproductive system.

Additional Hormones from Adrenal Glands

Along with cortisol and aldosterone, other steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal glands include corticosteroids and androgens.

Test your knowledge of hormones of the anterior pituitary, monoamines, and neurotransmitters synthesized from L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine. Explore the characteristics of polypeptides, glycoproteins, and catecholamines.