Endocrine System Glands and Hormones Quiz
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Endocrine System Glands and Hormones Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism?

  • Pituitary Tumor
  • Autoimmune reaction leading to IgG overproduction
  • Viral illness or period of stress
  • Decreased thyroid secretion due to autoimmune phenomenon (correct)

    • Which symptom is common in children with congenital goiter?

  • Increased appetite
  • Delayed sexual development (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Loss of muscle strength

    • What is the purpose of using Propranolol in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

  • To decrease bone age advancement
  • To increase basal metabolic rate
  • To induce weight gain
  • To manage nervousness and loss of muscle strength (correct)

    • Which medication is classified as an antithyroid drug?

    <p>Propylthiouracil (PTU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of acute adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is radioiodine ablative therapy typically considered for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>In chronic cases that are unresponsive to medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely outcome of overproduction of growth hormone before the epiphyseal lines of the long bones have closed?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a high pitch voice, mal-aligned teeth, and delayed development of secondary sex characteristics?

    <p>Underproduction of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes acromegaly from gigantism?

    <p>Enlargement of hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland regulates the body's overall metabolic rate and controls calcium levels in the bloodstream?

    <p>Thyroid Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the Pancreas gland primarily control in the blood?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

    <p>Mild Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Desmopressin help treat diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Replaces antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for regulating sugar levels in the blood?

    <p>Thymus Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands is controlled by the Hypothalamus and plays a role in the body's water levels?

    <p>Adrenal Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the Pituitary Gland produce to regulate growth rate, reproduction, and metabolism?

    <p>Somatotropin (Growth Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of hormones are primarily produced by the Thyroid Gland?

    <p>Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting phenylalanine to tyrosine?

    <p>Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate does the defective gene for Phenylketonuria (PKU) occur in the population?

    <p>1 in 10,000 to 1 in 15,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is less commonly affected by Phenylketonuria (PKU) according to the text?

    <p>Asians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of normal phenylalanine levels in the blood as mentioned in the text?

    <p>400 – 800 umol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet can prevent mental retardation in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

    <p>Low Phenylalanine, High Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first FDA-approved drug for treating Phenylketonuria (PKU) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Kuvan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for the most common type of adrenocortical insufficiency mentioned in the text?

    <p>Shortage of 21-hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which CAH subtype is characterized by moderate aldosterone deficiency and excessive androgen production?

    <p>Simple-Virilizing CAH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term consequence of Simple-Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

    <p>Abnormal menstrual periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with Ambiguous Genitalia due to CAH, what is a common treatment approach mentioned in the text?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical sign of shock discussed in the context of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

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