Endocrine System Glands and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism?

  • Pituitary Tumor
  • Autoimmune reaction leading to IgG overproduction
  • Viral illness or period of stress
  • Decreased thyroid secretion due to autoimmune phenomenon (correct)

Which symptom is common in children with congenital goiter?

  • Increased appetite
  • Delayed sexual development (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Loss of muscle strength

What is the purpose of using Propranolol in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

  • To decrease bone age advancement
  • To increase basal metabolic rate
  • To induce weight gain
  • To manage nervousness and loss of muscle strength (correct)

Which medication is classified as an antithyroid drug?

<p>Propylthiouracil (PTU) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of acute adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is radioiodine ablative therapy typically considered for hyperthyroidism?

<p>In chronic cases that are unresponsive to medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely outcome of overproduction of growth hormone before the epiphyseal lines of the long bones have closed?

<p>Acromegaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a high pitch voice, mal-aligned teeth, and delayed development of secondary sex characteristics?

<p>Underproduction of growth hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for diabetes insipidus?

<p>Desmopressin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes acromegaly from gigantism?

<p>Enlargement of hands and feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland regulates the body's overall metabolic rate and controls calcium levels in the bloodstream?

<p>Thyroid Gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the Pancreas gland primarily control in the blood?

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

<p>Mild Hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Desmopressin help treat diabetes insipidus?

<p>Replaces antidiuretic hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for regulating sugar levels in the blood?

<p>Thymus Gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is controlled by the Hypothalamus and plays a role in the body's water levels?

<p>Adrenal Glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the Pituitary Gland produce to regulate growth rate, reproduction, and metabolism?

<p>Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of hormones are primarily produced by the Thyroid Gland?

<p>Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for converting phenylalanine to tyrosine?

<p>Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what rate does the defective gene for Phenylketonuria (PKU) occur in the population?

<p>1 in 10,000 to 1 in 15,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is less commonly affected by Phenylketonuria (PKU) according to the text?

<p>Asians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of normal phenylalanine levels in the blood as mentioned in the text?

<p>400 – 800 umol/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet can prevent mental retardation in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

<p>Low Phenylalanine, High Tyrosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first FDA-approved drug for treating Phenylketonuria (PKU) mentioned in the text?

<p>Kuvan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for the most common type of adrenocortical insufficiency mentioned in the text?

<p>Shortage of 21-hydroxylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

<p>Hyponatremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CAH subtype is characterized by moderate aldosterone deficiency and excessive androgen production?

<p>Simple-Virilizing CAH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term consequence of Simple-Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

<p>Abnormal menstrual periods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with Ambiguous Genitalia due to CAH, what is a common treatment approach mentioned in the text?

<p>Surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of shock discussed in the context of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

<p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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