30 Questions
What is the percentage of free proteins in plasma?
Less than 10%
Which hormones act on receptors inside the cytoplasm?
Steroid hormones
What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation?
To release inhibitory and stimulatory hormones affecting the anterior pituitary secretions
Which hormone is responsible for regulating growth?
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which lobe of the pituitary gland is rudimentary in humans?
Intermediate lobe
What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract?
To synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that are stored in the posterior pituitary
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body functions
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through nervous and vascular connections
How do hormones regulate cellular-level functions?
Hormones help regulate enzyme activity and biochemical reactions within cells
What is the role of target cell receptors in hormone function?
Target cell receptors bind to hormones, initiating a chain of events within the cell to produce the hormone's effect
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones at the organ-system level?
Regulation of heart rate
What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?
The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream, while the nervous system transmits signals through nerves
What is the main effect of growth hormone on bones after puberty?
Increase the thickness of bones
Which proteins are formed by the liver under the influence of growth hormone?
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
How does growth hormone affect protein metabolism?
Increases amino acid transport into cells
What effect does growth hormone have on carbohydrate metabolism?
Lowers blood glucose level
How does growth hormone influence fat metabolism?
Increases mobilization of fatty acids
Which metabolic process does growth hormone NOT directly stimulate?
Collagen degradation
What is the main manifestation of pituitary dwarfism?
Short stature and childish face
What is the cause of Laron dwarfism?
GH level normal or increased but the receptors are unresponsive
Which of the following is a manifestation of acromegaly?
Increased thickness of short bones and enlarged facial features
Which pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating growth?
Growth hormone (GH)
What is the main manifestation of pituitary infantilism?
Pituitary dwarfism and hypogonadism
What is the main manifestation of gigantism?
A person reaching 2 meters or more in height
Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for secreting releasing or inhibitory hormones that affect the anterior pituitary gland?
Ventromedial, arcuate, preoptic and paraventricular nuclei
Which of the following hormones are synthesized and secreted by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
What is the direct connection between the hypothalamus and the suprarenal medulla responsible for?
Affecting the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following statements about hormone chemistry is correct?
Pituitary, pancreatic, parathyroid, and hypothalamic hormones are polypeptides.
Which of the following statements about the forms of hormones in blood is correct?
The free form is active and can bind directly to the receptor, while the protein-bound form is inactive and cannot bind to the receptor.
Which of the following statements about the transport of hormones in the blood is correct?
Water-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the free form, while lipid-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the protein-bound form.
Test your knowledge on the endocrine system, which consists of ductless glands scattered throughout the body. Learn how these glands secrete hormones into the blood to regulate distant target cells.
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