Endocrine System Functionality Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of free proteins in plasma?

  • Less than 20%
  • Less than 10% (correct)
  • Less than 15%
  • Less than 5%

    • Which hormones act on receptors inside the cytoplasm?

  • Protein hormones
  • Thyroid hormones T3 and T4
  • Steroid hormones (correct)
  • All of the above

    • What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation?

  • To release inhibitory and stimulatory hormones affecting the anterior pituitary secretions (correct)
  • To synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that are stored in the posterior pituitary
  • To connect the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
  • All of the above

    • Which hormone is responsible for regulating growth?

    <p>Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the pituitary gland is rudimentary in humans?

    <p>Intermediate lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract?

    <p>To synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that are stored in the posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endocrine system?

    <p>To secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

    <p>The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through nervous and vascular connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hormones regulate cellular-level functions?

    <p>Hormones help regulate enzyme activity and biochemical reactions within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of target cell receptors in hormone function?

    <p>Target cell receptors bind to hormones, initiating a chain of events within the cell to produce the hormone's effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones at the organ-system level?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

    <p>The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream, while the nervous system transmits signals through nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of growth hormone on bones after puberty?

    <p>Increase the thickness of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are formed by the liver under the influence of growth hormone?

    <p>Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does growth hormone affect protein metabolism?

    <p>Increases amino acid transport into cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone have on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Lowers blood glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does growth hormone influence fat metabolism?

    <p>Increases mobilization of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process does growth hormone NOT directly stimulate?

    <p>Collagen degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main manifestation of pituitary dwarfism?

    <p>Short stature and childish face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Laron dwarfism?

    <p>GH level normal or increased but the receptors are unresponsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of acromegaly?

    <p>Increased thickness of short bones and enlarged facial features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating growth?

    <p>Growth hormone (GH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main manifestation of pituitary infantilism?

    <p>Pituitary dwarfism and hypogonadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main manifestation of gigantism?

    <p>A person reaching 2 meters or more in height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for secreting releasing or inhibitory hormones that affect the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Ventromedial, arcuate, preoptic and paraventricular nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones are synthesized and secreted by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct connection between the hypothalamus and the suprarenal medulla responsible for?

    <p>Affecting the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hormone chemistry is correct?

    <p>Pituitary, pancreatic, parathyroid, and hypothalamic hormones are polypeptides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the forms of hormones in blood is correct?

    <p>The free form is active and can bind directly to the receptor, while the protein-bound form is inactive and cannot bind to the receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the transport of hormones in the blood is correct?

    <p>Water-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the free form, while lipid-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the protein-bound form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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