Endocrine System Functionality Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of free proteins in plasma?

  • Less than 20%
  • Less than 10% (correct)
  • Less than 15%
  • Less than 5%

Which hormones act on receptors inside the cytoplasm?

  • Protein hormones
  • Thyroid hormones T3 and T4
  • Steroid hormones (correct)
  • All of the above

What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation?

  • To release inhibitory and stimulatory hormones affecting the anterior pituitary secretions (correct)
  • To synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that are stored in the posterior pituitary
  • To connect the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
  • All of the above

Which hormone is responsible for regulating growth?

<p>Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is rudimentary in humans?

<p>Intermediate lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract?

<p>To synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that are stored in the posterior pituitary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine system?

<p>To secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

<p>The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through nervous and vascular connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones regulate cellular-level functions?

<p>Hormones help regulate enzyme activity and biochemical reactions within cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of target cell receptors in hormone function?

<p>Target cell receptors bind to hormones, initiating a chain of events within the cell to produce the hormone's effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones at the organ-system level?

<p>Regulation of heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

<p>The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream, while the nervous system transmits signals through nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of growth hormone on bones after puberty?

<p>Increase the thickness of bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are formed by the liver under the influence of growth hormone?

<p>Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does growth hormone affect protein metabolism?

<p>Increases amino acid transport into cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does growth hormone have on carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>Lowers blood glucose level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does growth hormone influence fat metabolism?

<p>Increases mobilization of fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic process does growth hormone NOT directly stimulate?

<p>Collagen degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main manifestation of pituitary dwarfism?

<p>Short stature and childish face (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Laron dwarfism?

<p>GH level normal or increased but the receptors are unresponsive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of acromegaly?

<p>Increased thickness of short bones and enlarged facial features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating growth?

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main manifestation of pituitary infantilism?

<p>Pituitary dwarfism and hypogonadism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main manifestation of gigantism?

<p>A person reaching 2 meters or more in height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for secreting releasing or inhibitory hormones that affect the anterior pituitary gland?

<p>Ventromedial, arcuate, preoptic and paraventricular nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones are synthesized and secreted by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct connection between the hypothalamus and the suprarenal medulla responsible for?

<p>Affecting the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hormone chemistry is correct?

<p>Pituitary, pancreatic, parathyroid, and hypothalamic hormones are polypeptides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the forms of hormones in blood is correct?

<p>The free form is active and can bind directly to the receptor, while the protein-bound form is inactive and cannot bind to the receptor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the transport of hormones in the blood is correct?

<p>Water-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the free form, while lipid-soluble hormones are transported mainly in the protein-bound form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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