Memorise - Endocrine Disorders

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Questions and Answers

Match each disease with the hormone that is elevated:

Acromegaly = Growth Hormone (GH) Cushing's Disease = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Hyperparathyroidism = Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Hyperthyroidism = Thyroxine (T4)

Match each disease with the deficient hormone:

Hypopituitarism = Multiple pituitary hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, ADH) Diabetes Insipidus = Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Hypothyroidism = Thyroxine (T4) Addison’s Disease = Cortisol

Match each disease with the hormonal change experienced by females:

Amenorrhea = ↓ Estrogen (E2) Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome = ↑ Androgens (Testosterone, DHEA) Premature Ovarian Failure = ↑ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Menopause = ↑ Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Match each disease with the primary hormonal change:

<p>Hypogonadism in males = ↓ Testosterone (T) Precocious Puberty in males = ↑ Testosterone (T) Hypoparathyroidism = ↓ Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Osteoporosis in males = ↓ Testosterone (T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each disease with the consistent hormonal change:

<p>Hypothyroidism = ↓ Triiodothyronine (T3) Hyperthyroidism = ↑ Triiodothyronine (T3) Hypogonadism in females = ↑ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Menopause = ↓ Estrogen (E2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each disease with its defining hormonal changes:

<p>Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes = ↓ Multiple hormones (varies by type) Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia = ↑ or ↓ Hormones depending on type Pregnancy = ↑ Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Addison's Disease = ↓ Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with the corresponding condition where it is primarily decreased:

<p>↓ Calcitonin = Osteoporosis ↓ Aldosterone = Addison's Disease ↓ Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) = Non-pregnancy ↓ Growth Hormone (GH) = Hypopituitarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with the corresponding disease where it is typically elevated:

<p>↑ Androgens (Testosterone, DHEA) = Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ↑ Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) = Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ↑ Calcitonin = Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 ↑ Estrogen (E2) = Precocious Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a patient presenting with primary hypogonadism, match the expected hormone profiles:

<p>Males = ↓ Testosterone (T), ↑ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Females = ↓ Estrogen (E2), ↑ Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Both Males and Females = ↓ Sex hormones, elevated gonadotropins Either Males or Females = Diminished secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each disease or condition with its distinct hormone profile, focusing on combinations:

<p>Cushing’s Disease = ↑ ACTH, ↑ Cortisol Addison’s Disease = ↓ Cortisol, ↓ Aldosterone Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome = ↑ Androgens, ↓ Progesterone Premature Ovarian Failure = ↓ Estrogen, ↑ FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each disease with the primary hormone imbalance associated with it:

<p>Acromegaly = Increased Growth Hormone (GH) Diabetes Insipidus = Decreased Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Hyperthyroidism = Increased Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Addison's Disease = Decreased Cortisol and Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an excess of Growth Hormone (GH)?

<p>Acromegaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is the primary cause of which endocrine disorder?

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyperparathyroidism is caused by a decrease in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ Disease is associated with decreased levels of Cortisol and Aldosterone.

<p>Addison's</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine disorder is characterized by elevated levels of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)?

<p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), which hormone is typically elevated?

<p>Androgens (Testosterone, DHEA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amenorrhea, characterized by the absence of menstruation, is associated with increased levels of Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Premature Ovarian Failure is marked by decreased Estrogen (E2) and elevated levels of _____ and _____.

<p>FSH, LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two hormones that are characteristically elevated during pregnancy (excluding not disorders).

<p>Estrogen (E2), Progesterone (P4), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What causes Acromegaly?

Increased Growth Hormone (GH).

What causes Diabetes Insipidus?

Decreased Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

What causes Hyperthyroidism?

Increased Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).

What causes Hypothyroidism?

Decreased Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).

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What causes Hyperparathyroidism?

Increased Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

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What causes Addison’s Disease?

Decreased Cortisol and Aldosterone.

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What causes Cushing’s Disease?

Increased Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and Cortisol.

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What causes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Increased Androgens (Testosterone, DHEA), Decreased Progesterone, Increased LH, Decreased FSH.

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What causes Premature Ovarian Failure?

Decreased Estrogen (E2), Increased FSH & LH.

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What causes Osteoporosis?

Decreased Estrogen (E2) in females, Decreased Testosterone (T) in males, possible Decreased Calcitonin.

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What causes Hypopituitarism?

Decreased Multiple pituitary hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, ADH).

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What causes Amenorrhea?

Decreased Estrogen (E2), Decreased Progesterone (P4), possible Decreased LH & FSH.

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What causes Precocious Puberty?

Increased Estrogen (E2) or Increased Testosterone (T).

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What causes Hypogonadism?

Decreased Testosterone (T) in males, Decreased Estrogen (E2) in females, Increased FSH & LH.

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What causes Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes (PDS)?

Decreased Multiple endocrine hormones (varies by type).

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What causes Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)?

Increased or Decreased Hormones depending on type (e.g., Increased PTH in MEN1, Increased Calcitonin in MEN2).

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Study Notes

  • Acromegaly is caused by an increase in Growth Hormone (GH).
  • Hypopituitarism results from a decrease in multiple pituitary hormones, including GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and ADH.
  • Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a decrease in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
  • Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an increase in Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).
  • Hypothyroidism is caused by a decrease in Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).
  • Hyperparathyroidism results from an increase in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
  • Hypoparathyroidism is caused by a decrease in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
  • Cushing’s Disease is characterized by an increase in Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and Cortisol.
  • Addison’s Disease is caused by a decrease in Cortisol and Aldosterone.
  • Amenorrhea is associated with a decrease in Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4), with a possible decrease in LH & FSH.
  • PolyCystic Ovarian Syndrome involves an increase in Androgens (Testosterone, DHEA), a decrease in Progesterone, and an increase in LH with a decrease in FSH.
  • Precocious Puberty is linked to an increase in Estrogen (E2) or Testosterone (T).
  • Premature Ovarian Failure results from a decrease in Estrogen (E2) and an increase in FSH and LH.
  • Hypogonadism leads to a decrease in Testosterone (T) in males and Estrogen (E2) in females, along with an increase in FSH & LH.
  • Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes (PDS) are characterized by a decrease in multiple endocrine hormones, varying by type.
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) causes an increase or decrease in hormones depending on the type, such as increased PTH in MEN1 and increased Calcitonin in MEN2.
  • Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease in Estrogen (E2) in females, a decrease in Testosterone (T) in males, and a possible decrease in Calcitonin.
  • Pregnancy is not a disorder, it's characterized by increased Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Estrogen (E2), and Progesterone (P4).
  • Menopause is not a disorder, it's characterized by decreased Estrogen (E2), increased FSH, and increased LH.

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