Endocrine System and Hormones Quiz

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manages daily rhythms and plays a potential role in pubertal development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bone density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure bone density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI is better for evaluating the hypothalamus and pituitary pathologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When evaluating the pineal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localizing medullary tumors in the adrenal glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DXA scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-score compares an individual to a 30-year-old reference population, while Z-score compares an individual to a population matched for age, gender, weight and ethnicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteomalacia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone mineral densitometry (DXA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paget Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery and radiotherapy to remove the adenoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bone vascularity and destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of calcium in tissues, leading to failure of bone calcification (C), Inadequate intake and absorption of vitamin D (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteomalacia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low cortisol and elevated ACTH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypopituitarism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addison Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (A), Hypopituitarism (C), Cushing Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addison Disease (A), Diabetes Insipidus (B), Hypopituitarism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset of weight gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contrast-enhanced CT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age over 40 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide exogenous insulin for glucose metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased sensitivity of cells to insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70 to 120 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism is caused by an inability of the thyroid gland to produce sufficient thyroid hormones, while hyperthyroidism is caused by both autoimmune disorders and excessive TSH receptor stimulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Younger individuals and females are more susceptible to genetic mutations that predispose them to thyroid cancer. (A), The exact reasons are not well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and hormonal factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>123I thyroid uptake scans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radioactive iodine therapy is primarily used to treat thyroid cancer, and it involves destroying cancerous thyroid cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocortical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear medicine 123I thyroid uptake scans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A test measuring bone density to assess osteoporosis.

Comparison of an individual's bone density to a young adult reference.

Compares individual bone density with age-matched population norms.

Imaging technique preferred for neuroendocrine disorders evaluations.

High-resolution imaging method for evaluating brain and glands.

A nuclear medicine test for assessing thyroid function.

Nuclear imaging to localize adrenal gland tumors.

Metabolic bone disorder causing reduced bone density and structure.

A system of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to control body processes.

Key glands including pituitary, pineal, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus, among others.

Known as the 'master gland,' controlling other endocrine glands and has anterior, intermediate, and posterior parts.

Hormones are released due to changes in blood chemistry, nervous signals, or responses to other hormones.

Releases T3 and T4 hormones for metabolism and calcitonin for calcium regulation; requires iodine.

Serves both endocrine (releases insulin and glucagon) and exocrine functions; regulates blood sugar.

Located atop kidneys; adrenal medulla produces epinephrine/norepinephrine and cortex produces corticosteroids.

Regulation of hormones through neural signals or hormonal regulation to maintain balance.

A condition caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive urination and thirst.

Antidiuretic hormone that regulates water balance in the body.

Reduced or absent hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland.

Overproduction of glucocorticoids due to adrenal cortex dysfunction.

Hormones that regulate metabolism, immune responses, and inflammation.

Primary adrenal insufficiency often due to autoimmune destruction.

Aggressive tumors originating in the adrenal glands, rare but serious.

Treatment involving administration of hormones to counteract deficiencies.

Most common cause of adrenal metastases, can spread to adrenal glands.

Imaging technique using contrast for better visualization of organs.

Tumors in adrenal glands that may require surgical removal.

Chronic hyperglycemia syndrome affecting metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins.

Autoimmune diabetes typically starting before age 30, requires insulin.

Insulin resistance diabetes, often linked to obesity, develops after 40.

Cluster of conditions increasing risk for type 2 diabetes, requires 3 traits.

Normal levels range from 70 to 120 mg/dL; diabetes over 126.

A test used to evaluate bone mineral density, crucial for early-stage osteoporosis detection.

Osteoporosis that occurs due to other diseases, medications, or hereditary factors.

An enzyme level checked to differentiate primary from secondary osteoporosis.

A condition caused by lack of calcium, leading to soft, poorly calcified bones.

Osteomalacia occurring before growth plate closure, affecting bone development in children.

A metabolic bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling and may show 'cotton wool' appearance on X-rays.

An endocrine disorder resulting from excess growth hormone, causing enlarged bones and facial features.

A condition marked by deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.

A condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, often caused by autoimmune issues like Graves' disease.

Common symptoms include fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, and systemic effects.

Symptoms include nervousness, hyperactivity, eye changes, and goiter with risks of thyroid storms.

Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests evaluating thyroid hormone levels.

Diagnosis involves serum TSH levels and possibly nuclear medicine scans.

Includes papillary, follicular, medullary, and undifferentiated anaplastic cancers, more common in younger females.

Diagnosis relies on fine-needle aspiration biopsy and treatment often involves surgical removal and radioactive iodine.