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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
What role does the hypothalamic-pituitary axis play in hormone regulation?
Which hormone is known as the 'hug hormone'?
Where is melatonin produced and what function does it serve?
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What physiological response is triggered by cortisol and adrenaline during stress?
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Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pancreas?
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What is the primary function of corticotrophin-releasing hormone produced in the hypothalamus?
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Which of the following glands is NOT part of the endocrine system?
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What is the primary role of hormones in the body?
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Which hormone is primarily associated with regulating sleep?
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How do steroid hormones interact with their target cells?
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What is a key function of cortisol in the body?
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Which of the following best describes the classification of hormones?
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How do hormones primarily travel throughout the body?
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What role do sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen play in the body?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System
- Major system in the body composed of glands that secrete hormones
- Controls essential bodily functions:
- movement
- sexual development
- sensory perception
- growth
- Glands in the endocrine system:
- Thyroid
- Pineal
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary
Hormones
- Chemicals produced by glands in the endocrine system
- Coordinate bodily functions
- Carry important messages throughout the body
- Send signals to receptor cells in organs, muscles, and tissues
- Classified as either proteins or steroids
- Transported throughout the body by the blood
- Only target specific cells with matching receptors
- Interact with receptors on target cell surface (protein hormones) or inside the cell (steroid hormones)
Key Hormones
- Melatonin: essential for sleep (produced by the pineal gland)
- Cortisol: stress hormone (produced by the adrenal gland)
- Growth Hormone: helps with body development (produced by the pituitary gland)
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: controls metabolism (produced by the pituitary gland)
- Insulin: regulates glucose levels in the blood (produced by the pancreas)
Role of Hormones
- Regulate metabolism, growth, and sex development
- Control levels of hunger and exhaustion
- Tell the body what to do and how to do it
Function of Hormones
- Responsible for organ function
- Control how the body stores and uses energy
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone: released by the pituitary gland, only targets the thyroid gland
- Thyroid hormone: produced by the thyroid gland, can affect several bodily functions, like heart rate and metabolism
Homeostasis
- Consistent regulation of factors within the body
- Necessary for optimal bodily function
- Endocrine system plays a major role in homeostasis by producing and releasing hormones at appropriate times and situations
-
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis: regulates the secretion of hormones (interplay between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland)
- Stress: releases cortisol and adrenaline
- Increase heart rate, sweating, redistribute blood flow
- "Fight-or-flight" response
- External factors can also affect the endocrine system:
- Hugging: releases oxytocin (feeling of love and comfort)
- Suckling: stimulates milk production
Importance of Hormones
- Carry out specific functions and are produced in distinct areas of the endocrine system
Key Hormones and Production Locations:
- Hypothalamus: Corticotrophin-releasing hormone, Dopamine (mood, hunger, thirst, sexual function, sleep)
- Pituitary: Follicle-stimulating hormone, Growth hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (controls other glands)
- Thyroid: Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine (metabolism)
- Adrenal: Cortisol, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline (metabolism, sexual development, stress, blood pressure)
- Pineal: Melatonin (sleep)
- Pancreas: Insulin (sugar levels in the blood)
- Ovaries: Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone (female sexual development)
- Testes: Testosterone (male sexual development)
- Melatonin: responsible for sleep cycles
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of the endocrine system, focusing on its major glands and the hormones they produce. Explore how hormones like melatonin, cortisol, and growth hormone affect bodily functions and interact with target cells. Test your knowledge of this vital system in the human body.
