Endocrine System and Hormonal Changes Quiz
93 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Dilate eyes and bronchioles, increase blood flow to muscles, and decrease blood flow to digestive organs (correct)
  • Release acetylcholine and decrease the release of norepinephrine
  • Activate sweat glands, decrease heart rate, and decrease blood pressure
  • Constrict eyes and bronchioles, decrease blood flow to muscles, and increase blood flow to digestive organs

    • Which part of the spinal cord does the sympathetic division originate from?

  • Sacral
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic (correct)
  • Lumbar

    • Where are the collateral ganglia located in the sympathetic nervous system?

  • At the same level as the target effector
  • Within the spinal cord
  • Just outside the vertebral column
  • Closer to the target effector (correct)

    • How are sympathetic axons different before and after the ganglia?

    <p>Before the ganglia they are unmyelinated and short, after they are myelinated and longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapses are activated by acetylcholine?

    <p>Cholinergic synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of varicosities in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Spread through the length of the nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is referred to as the 'cranial sacral system'?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the increase in blood pressure and heart rate when a person stands up?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are activated by nicotine?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body does CN X innervate the organs?

    <p>Thoracic cavity and upper abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters and is spread through the length of the nerve?

    <p>Varicosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system exerts more control over the heart under normal conditions?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are activated by norepinephrine and epinephrine?

    <p>Alpha and beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does CN VII control?

    <p>Saliva and tear production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in blood pressure and heart rate when a person stands up?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amygdala?

    <p>Influencing the hypothalamus based on emotional states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system does nicotine primarily affect?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs enhance the parasympathetic response?

    <p>Parasympathomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Reduce the parasympathetic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to activate a hormone receptor?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger is most commonly used for carrying the message of amino acid hormones?

    <p>Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phosphorylate mean in the context of hormone activation?

    <p>To add a phosphate group to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in hormone signaling?

    <p>To turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of lipid soluble hormones?

    <p>They need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of G protein in hormone signaling?

    <p>To split a phospholipid into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of endogenous chemicals in the body?

    <p>To make slow-acting hormones for maintaining homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of exogenous chemicals in the body?

    <p>To come from outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of estrogen?

    <p>Developing the reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of human placental lactogen (hPL) produced by the placenta?

    <p>Preparing the breasts for lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol called?

    <p>Lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to increase in blood pressure?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cholecystokinin do?

    <p>Promotes pancreatic enzyme and bile production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

    <p>Erythropoietin (EPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue produces leptin that regulates bone metabolism and makes a person feel full after eating?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inactive form of vitamin D produced by the skin?

    <p>Cholecalciferol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells make up 20% of each pancreatic islet and produce glucagon?

    <p>Alpha cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the pancreas produce to decrease blood glucose levels?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DAG in the cell?

    <p>Activates protein kinases to start phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when downregulation occurs in cells?

    <p>The number of receptors decreases due to excessive stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of downregulation in target cells?

    <p>Upregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the permissive effect of a hormone?

    <p>Enables another hormone to act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two hormones with similar effects produce a synergistic effect?

    <p>Amplify the total effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antagonistic effect of two hormones?

    <p>They have opposite effects and may cancel each other out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the infundibulum in the endocrine system?

    <p>Connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary during childbirth?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a reticulocyte?

    <p>To mature into an erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do erythrocytes obtain their energy for survival?

    <p>By anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemoglobin within an erythrocyte?

    <p>To carry and transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do erythrocytes have a thin middle and a plump periphery?

    <p>To increase their flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes elevated hematocrit levels in individuals living at high elevations?

    <p>Decreased oxygen in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the abnormal shape of erythrocytes and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of basophils among granular leukocytes?

    <p>Release of histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is known for its quick response to bacterial infections?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of T cells among lymphocytes?

    <p>Attack on infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of agranular leukocytes?

    <p>They have a complete cell structure with a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of vitamin deficient anemia?

    <p>Insufficient iron intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of monocytes among leukocytes?

    <p>Differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an increase in heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure?

    <p>Thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases sodium levels?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the fight or flight response?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the inflammatory response and increases blood glucose levels?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion into the bloodstream?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common hormone produced by mineralocorticoids?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and secretes melatonin?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the retina of the eye and promotes wakefulness?

    <p>Blue light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone blocks the body’s release of iron?

    <p>Hepcidin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythrocytes?

    <p>Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of erythrocytes in blood, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With aging, which hormones decrease?

    <p>Aldosterone, cortisol, and thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hematocrit a measure of?

    <p>The percentage of red blood cells in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does hemopoiesis occur?

    <p>Red marrow in bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells become erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, or granular leukocytes?

    <p>Myeloid stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate?

    <p>Hemopoietic growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Thrombopoietin?

    <p>Stimulating platelet production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Increasing calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood viscosity when compared to water?

    <p>It is much greater than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can help in the regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hepcidin in the body?

    <p>Blocking the release of iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating platelet production?

    <p>Thrombopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Increasing calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does time affect insulin sensitivity and insulin production in cells?

    <p>Decreases both insulin production and sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for protecting the body from external and internal threats like bacteria and viruses?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets in the body?

    <p>Coagulation and stopping bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of erythrocytes in the body?

    <p>Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of albumin, the most common plasma protein?

    <p>Transporting fatty acids and steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of globulins, the second most common plasma protein?

    <p>Transporting iron, lipids, and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least common plasma protein and what is its importance?

    <p>Fibrinogen, important for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser