Memorise - Endocrine Hormones

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Questions and Answers

Match each hormone to the gland from which it is secreted:

Insulin = Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Cortisol = Adrenal Cortex Melatonin = Pineal Gland Oxytocin = Pituitary (Posterior)

Match each hormone with its primary function:

TSH = Stimulates thyroid hormone production ADH = Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys PTH = Raises blood calcium levels Glucagon = Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown

Match the hypothalamic hormone with its primary releasing or inhibiting action:

TRH = Stimulates TSH release GnRH = Stimulates LH & FSH release Somatostatin = Inhibits GH release GHRH = Stimulates GH release

Match each hormone produced by the anterior pituitary with its target and primary effect:

<p>ACTH = Stimulates cortisol production in adrenal cortex LH &amp; FSH = Regulate gonadal function (ovaries/testes) GH = Stimulates growth &amp; metabolism Prolactin = Promotes milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the adrenal cortex hormone with its primary effect on electrolyte balance or stress response:

<p>Cortisol = Stress response, increases blood glucose, anti-inflammatory Aldosterone = Regulates sodium and potassium balance Androgens = Precursors to sex hormones Epinephrine &amp; Norepinephrine = Responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response; increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone produced by the ovaries with its primary role in the female reproductive system:

<p>Estrogen = Development of female secondary sex characteristics, regulation of menstrual cycle Progesterone = Prepares uterus for pregnancy, maintains early pregnancy Inhibin = Helps regulate FSH levels to control sperm production Testosterone = Development of male secondary sex characteristics, sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone secreted by the pancreas with its specific role in regulating blood glucose levels:

<p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells Glucagon = Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown Somatostatin = Inhibits secretion of several other hormones (e.g., GH, TSH) Calcitonin = Helps lower blood calcium levels by reducing bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each thyroid hormone with its specific function in metabolic regulation or calcium homeostasis:

<p>T3 &amp; T4 = Regulate metabolism, growth, and development Calcitonin = Helps lower blood calcium levels by reducing bone resorption PTH = Raises blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption, enhancing kidney reabsorption of calcium, and stimulating vitamin D activation ADH = Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys, regulates fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the correct signaling cascade, clarifying the intermediate steps and final physiological responses initiated by hypothalamic hormones associated with the pituitary gland:

<p>TRH = Stimulates TSH release, which then stimulates thyroid hormone production CRH = Stimulates ACTH release, which then stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal cortex GnRH = Stimulates LH &amp; FSH release, regulating gonadal function (ovaries/testes) GHRH = Stimulates GH release, which stimulates growth &amp; metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given overlapping functions of various hormones, select the precise physiological function uniquely influenced by one specific hormone, distinguishing it from those affected indirectly or by similar hormones:

<p>Oxytocin = Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding Melatonin = Regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles Prolactin = Promotes milk production Epinephrine &amp; Norepinephrine = Responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response; increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hypothalamic hormone with its primary target hormone release:

<p>TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) = TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) = ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) = LH &amp; FSH (Luteinizing Hormone &amp; Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone) = GH (Growth Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with the endocrine gland that produces it:

<p>Insulin = Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Cortisol = Adrenal Cortex Melatonin = Pineal Gland T3 and T4 = Thyroid Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with its primary function in the body:

<p>ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) = Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, regulates fluid balance Oxytocin = Stimulates Uterine contractions during childbirth PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) = Raises blood calcium levels Calcitonin = Lowers blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone to one of its primary effects on blood glucose levels.

<p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells. Glucagon = Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown. Cortisol = Increases blood glucose as part of the stress response. Epinephrine = Increases blood glucose as part of the 'fight or flight' response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the adrenal hormone to one of its main functions:

<p>Cortisol = Stress response, increases blood glucose, anti-inflammatory Aldosterone = Regulates sodium and potassium balance Androgens = Precursors to sex hormones Epinephrine = Fight-or-flight response; increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone to its role in reproductive function:

<p>Estrogen = Development of female secondary sex characteristics, regulation of menstrual cycle Progesterone = Prepares uterus for pregnancy, maintains early pregnancy Testosterone = Development of male secondary sex characteristics, sperm production Inhibin = Helps regulate FSH levels to control sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the anterior pituitary hormone with its primary target tissue or effect:

<p>TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) = Stimulates thyroid hormone production ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) = Stimulates cortisol production in adrenal cortex LH &amp; FSH (Luteinizing Hormone &amp; Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) = Regulate gonadal function (ovaries/testes) GH (Growth Hormone) = Stimulates growth and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with its source and primary function:

<p>Melatonin = Pineal Gland, regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles ADH (Vasopressin) = Posterior Pituitary, promotes water reabsorption in kidneys PTH = Parathyroid Gland, raises blood calcium levels Calcitonin = Thyroid Gland, lowers blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hypothalamic hormone with its effect on anterior pituitary hormone release:

<p>TRH = Stimulates TSH release CRH = Stimulates ACTH release GnRH = Stimulates LH and FSH release GHRH = Stimulates GH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pancreatic hormone with its primary effect on blood glucose:

<p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells Glucagon = Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown Somatostatin = Inhibits secretion of several other hormones Epinephrine = Increases blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with its effect on calcium homeostasis:

<p>PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) = Raises blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption Calcitonin = Helps lower blood calcium levels by reducing bone resorption Vitamin D = Enhances calcium absorption in the intestines Estrogen = Affects calcium balance; deficiency can contribute to osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone to its specific action related to stress response:

<p>Cortisol = Increases blood glucose and acts as an anti-inflammatory Epinephrine = Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow Norepinephrine = Increases alertness and arousal ACTH = Stimulates cortisol release from the adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its correct source and primary function in the female reproductive system:

<p>Estrogen = Ovaries, responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics Progesterone = Ovaries, prepares uterus for pregnancy and maintains early pregnancy LH and FSH = Anterior Pituitary, regulates the menstrual cycle Oxytocin = Posterior Pituitary, Stimulates uterine contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its role in male reproductive function:

<p>Testosterone = Development of male secondary sex characteristics, sperm production Inhibin = Helps regulate FSH levels to control sperm production LH (Luteinizing Hormone) = Stimulates testosterone production in testes FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) = Supports sperm production in the seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its regulatory effect on other hormones:

<p>Somatostatin = Inhibits GH release Dopamine = Inhibits prolactin release Inhibin = Regulates FSH levels to control sperm production Prolactin = Promotes milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gland with the hormones it produces that directly affect metabolism:

<p>Thyroid Gland = T3 and T4 Adrenal Cortex = Cortisol Pancreas = Insulin &amp; Glucagon Posterior Pituitary = ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the endocrine gland with its associated hormone and primary effect:

<p>Pineal Gland = Melatonin, regulates circadian rhythm Adrenal Medulla = Epinephrine, fight or flight response Thyroid Gland = Calcitonin, lowers blood calcium Parathyroid Glands = PTH, raises blood calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the releasing hormone from the hypothalamus with its effect on the anterior pituitary:

<p>TRH = Causes the release of TSH CRH = Causes the release of ACTH GnRH = Causes the release of LH and FSH GHRH = Causes the release of GH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the effect with its associated hormone:

<p>Development of male secondary sex characteristics = Testosterone Increases the reabsorption of water at the kidney = ADH (Vasopressin) Decreases blood glucose concentration = Insulin Increasing bone reabsorption = PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hypothalamic hormone with its effect on the pituitary gland:

<p>TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) = Stimulates TSH release CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) = Stimulates ACTH release GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) = Stimulates LH and FSH release GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone) = Stimulates Growth Hormone release</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with its category

<p>Insulin = Regulates blood glucose levels Testosterone = Reproductive hormone Epinephrine = Adrenal hormone Melatonin = Sleep hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones by primary action

<p>Insulin = Decreases blood glucose Glucagon = Increases blood glucose Calcitonin = Decreases blood calcium Parathyroid = Increases blood calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with the endocrine gland it belongs to:

<p>Testosterone = Testes Insulin = Pancreas Calcitonin = Thyroid Epinephrine = Adrenal Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each pancreatic hormone with its primary function:

<p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose levels Glucagon = Raises blood glucose levels Somatostatin = Inhibits secretion of other pancreatic hormones Pancreatic polypeptide = Regulates pancreatic secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone from the anterior pituitary with its secondary function:

<p>TSH = stimulates thyroid hormone production ACTH = stimulates cortisol production in adrenal cortex LH and FSH = regulates gonadal functions GH = stimulates growth and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the posterior pituitary hormones with their functions:

<p>ADH = promotes water reabsorption in kidneys Oxytocin = stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth Vasopressin = regulates fluid balance OT = stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the thyroid hormones with their functions:

<p>T3 = regulates metabolism, growth, and development T4 = regulates metabolism, growth, and development Calcitonin = helps lower blood calcium levels Thyroid hormone = regulates protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the adrenal cortical hormones with their functions:

<p>Cortisol = stress response, increases blood glucose, anti-inflammatory Aldosterone = regulates sodium and potassium balance Androgens = precursors to sex hormones Adrenal hormone = Can affect blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones that the gonads produce with their functions:

<p>Estrogen = female secondary sex characteristics Progesterone = prepares and maintains pregnancy Testosterone = male secondary sex characteristics ovarian hormones = influences menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones that can work together and can counter each other:

<p>Insulin and Glucagon = regulates blood glucose Calictonin and PTH = regulates blood calcium levels estrogen and progesterone = regulates menstrual cycle Sex hormones = creates secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the primary hormones of the hypothalamus:

<p>TRH = stimulates TSH release CRH = stimulates ACTH release GnRH = stimulates LH and FSH release GHRH = stimulates growth hormone release</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the other hormones that inhibit some function

<p>Somatostatin = inhibits growth hormone release Dopamine = inhibits prolactin release Inhibin = helps regulate FSH levels Melatonin = can slow down production of reproductive hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the hormones that is released from the Pituitary and where it is released:

<p>TSH = Anterior pituitary ACTH = Anterior pituitary ADH = Posterior pituitary Oxytocin = Posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones released from the Pancreas with their function:

<p>Insulin = lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells. Glucagon = raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown Somatostatin = inhibits secretion of several other hormones (e.g., GH, TSH) Pancreatic hormone = aids in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the adrenal medulla hormones with their functions:

<p>Epinephrine = responsible for the &quot;fight-or-flight&quot; response Norepinephrine = responsible for the &quot;fight-or-flight&quot; response Adrenaline = responsible for the &quot;fight-or-flight&quot; response Medulla hormones = increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Gonad hormones to their functions:

<p>Estrogen = development of female secondary sex characteristics Progesterone = prepares uterus for pregnancy Testosterone = development of male secondary sex characteristics Gonadal sex hormones = sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypothalamus Hormones

Releases TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, Somatostatin and Dopamine.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Releases TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and Prolactin.

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

Releases ADH (Vasopressin) and Oxytocin.

Thyroid Gland Hormones

Releases T3, T4, and Calcitonin.

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Parathyroid Glands Hormone

Releases PTH (Parathyroid Hormone).

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Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Releases Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Androgens.

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Adrenal Medulla Hormones

Releases Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline).

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Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Hormones

Releases Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin.

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Pineal Gland Hormone

Releases Melatonin.

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Ovaries Hormones

Releases Estrogen and Progesterone.

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TSH Function

Hormone that stimulates thyroid hormone production.

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ACTH Function

Hormone that stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal cortex.

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LH & FSH Function

Hormones that regulate gonadal function (ovaries/testes).

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GH Function

Hormone that stimulates growth and metabolism.

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Prolactin Function

Hormone that promotes milk production.

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ADH Function

Hormone that promotes water reabsorption in kidneys and regulates fluid balance.

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Oxytocin Function

Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

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T3 & T4 Function

Hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

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Calcitonin Function

Hormone that helps lower blood calcium levels by reducing bone resorption.

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PTH Function

Hormone that raises blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption and enhancing kidney reabsorption of calcium and stimulating vitamin D activation

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Cortisol Function

Hormone involved in stress response, increases blood glucose, and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Aldosterone Function

Hormone that regulates sodium and potassium balance and helps control blood pressure.

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Androgens Function

Hormones that are precursors to sex hormones.

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Epinephrine & Norepinephrine Function

Hormones responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose.

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Insulin Function

Hormone that lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells.

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Glucagon Function

Hormone that raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

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Somatostatin Function (Pancreas)

Hormone that inhibits the secretion of several other hormones such as GH and TSH.

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Melatonin Function

Hormone that regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles.

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Estrogen Function

Hormone involved in the development of female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

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Progesterone Function

Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains early pregnancy.

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Testosterone Function

Hormone involved in the development of male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production.

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Inhibin Function

Hormone that helps regulate FSH levels to control sperm production.

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TRH Function

Hormone that regulates anterior pituitary hormone release.

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CRH Function

Hormone that stimulates ACTH release.

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GnRH Function

Hormone that stimulates LH and FSH release.

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GHRH Function

Hormone that stimulates GH release.

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Somatostatin (Hypothalamus) Function

Hormone that inhibts GH release.

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Dopamine Function

Hormone that inhibits Prolactin release.

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