Endocrine Glands Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which pituitary or hypothalamic hormone's primary function is to stimulate the kidneys to retain water?

antidiuretic hormone

Choose the actions of prolactin (PRL):

  • Stimulates growth of hair follicles
  • Plays a supporting role in the regulation of the male reproductive system (correct)
  • Stimulates production of milk by mammary glands (correct)
  • Acts on the kidneys to regulate water and electrolyte balance (correct)

    • Which hormone causes cells to take in amino acids and produce proteins?

    growth hormone

    What does somatostatin do?

    <p>Inhibits the secretion of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thyrotropin-releasing hormone do?

    <p>Stimulates the secretion of TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone?

    <p>Stimulates the secretion of ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulate?

    <p>Secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ glands are ductless glands that secrete _________

    <p>Endocrine; hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are included in the endocrine system?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aldosterone is secreted by

    <p>adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine is secreted by

    <p>adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortisol is secreted by

    <p>adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endocrine system is comprised only of glands whose primary function is the secretion of hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____________ is responsible for secreting glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, while the ______________ secretes epinephrine.

    <p>adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements are true of both neural and endocrine regulation?

    <p>A specific change in the target cell must occur when the regulatory molecule binds to its specific receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intracellular signals called when extracellular signals like hormones are transduced?

    <p>second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uterine contractions during childbirth are stimulated by the hormone

    <p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary is the _________, and the posterior pituitary is the __________.

    <p>adenohypophysis/neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland?

    <p>thyroid-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Corticotropin stimulates the ____________ to secrete glucocorticoids.

    <p>adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone:

    <p>Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is specificity relating to properties of target cell receptor-hormone interactions?

    <p>Each hormone must bind to a particular receptor on the target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is high affinity relating to properties of target cell receptor-hormone interactions?

    <p>A hormone binds to its receptor on the target with great strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is low capacity relating to properties of target cell receptor-hormone interactions?

    <p>Receptors for a particular hormone may become saturated if all receptors are bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males is stimulated by which hormone?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce:

    <p>Triiodothyronine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secretion of most hypothalamic regulatory hormones and hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is under the control of:

    <p>negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pancreas produces:

    <p>insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The small intestine produces:

    <p>secretin and cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach produces:

    <p>gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth of ovarian follicles and sperm production are both stimulated by what?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Endocrine Hormones and Their Functions

    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water retention in kidneys.
    • Prolactin (PRL) regulates water and electrolyte balance, stimulates lactation, and supports male reproductive functions.
    • Growth hormone enhances amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in cells.

    Hormones That Regulate Other Hormones

    • Somatostatin inhibits growth hormone secretion.
    • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone triggers the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion.
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

    Endocrine System Overview

    • Endocrine glands are ductless, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream.
    • Components of the endocrine system include the liver, adipose tissue, thyroid gland, pancreas, and hypothalamus.

    Hormones Secreted by the Adrenal Glands

    • Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex, which regulates sodium and potassium balance.
    • Epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress.
    • Cortisol, also secreted by the adrenal cortex, helps regulate metabolism and immune response.

    Structure of the Pituitary Gland

    • The anterior pituitary is known as adenohypophysis; the posterior pituitary is termed neurohypophysis.
    • Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

    Hormones Involved in Follicle Growth and Sperm Production

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males.
    • Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

    Properties of Hormone-Target Cell Interactions

    • Specificity requires that each hormone binds to a specific receptor on the target cell.
    • High affinity denotes a strong binding strength between hormone and receptor.
    • Low capacity indicates that receptors can become saturated if all binding sites are occupied.

    Feedback Mechanisms and Hormone Production

    • Negative feedback regulates the secretion of many hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones.
    • The posterior pituitary does not produce but stores oxytocin and ADH.

    Hormones Produced by Other Organs

    • Pancreas synthesizes insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation.
    • Small intestine releases secretin and cholecystokinin to aid digestion.
    • The stomach produces gastrin which stimulates gastric acid secretion.

    Thyroid Hormones

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) encourages the production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the thyroid gland.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Chapter 11 of the Endocrine Glands. This quiz focuses on the secretion and action of hormones, including antidiuretic hormone and prolactin's functions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of endocrine system concepts.

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