Endocrine Disorders Quiz

<p>Cold sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gigantism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone replacement therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic Retinopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasting plasma glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedentary lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pancreatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty stool (steatorrhea) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-carb, high-fiber diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HbA1c test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACTH Stimulation Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACTH levels are low or normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperaldosteronism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life-threatening symptoms due to sudden hormone deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central obesity and purple stretch marks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24-Hour Urine Free Cortisol Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocortisone replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rare tumor causing excess catecholamine release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenal crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical removal of the adrenal tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme fatigue and weakness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce enough T3 and T4. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold intolerance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine agonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pituitary Apoplexy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone replacement if necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythematous rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life-threatening state of extreme hyperthyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of peripheral vision in both eyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate hormone replacement therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Hyperparathyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graves’ Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid storm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum TSH Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Hyperparathyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-Blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low serum calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperparathyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balanced diet with controlled calcium intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infertility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced muscle mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive hair growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine Agonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperprolactinemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidepressants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypogonadism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifestyle changes and Clomiphene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that controls other glands. It's called the 'master gland'.

The front part of the pituitary gland, producing hormones like growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH.

The back part of the pituitary gland that stores and releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin, produced by the hypothalamus.

A condition causing bone and soft tissue overgrowth in adults, especially hands, feet, and face, due to too much growth hormone.

Excessive height and long bone growth in children before their growth plates close, caused by too much growth hormone.

A condition where the adrenal glands don't function properly, caused by lack of ACTH, a hormone from the anterior pituitary.

A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't function properly, caused by lack of TSH from the anterior pituitary.

A condition caused by excess cortisol production, leading to weight gain, muscle weakness, and thin skin.

A type of pituitary tumor that produces too much prolactin, leading to various symptoms like irregular menstruation or milk production.

A condition caused by ADH deficiency, leading to excessive urination and thirst.

A condition where too much ADH is produced, leading to water retention and low sodium levels.

A medical emergency involving sudden bleeding or infarction of the pituitary gland.

A condition where peripheral vision is lost in both eyes due to a tumor compressing the optic chiasm.

A condition where there is reduced production of LH and FSH, leading to decreased gonadal function.

A condition where the sella turcica appears empty due to pituitary gland shrinkage.

A complete deficiency of all anterior pituitary hormones, leading to various hormonal imbalances.

A butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism.

An abnormally fast heart rate, typically over 100 beats per minute.

An autoimmune disorder where antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess hormones.

Multiple nodules in the thyroid gland produce excess hormones independently of TSH.

A single overactive thyroid nodule producing excess thyroid hormones.

Inflammation of the thyroid gland, often caused by viral infections or pregnancy.

The most sensitive test for detecting thyroid dysfunction, measuring the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Thyroid hormone levels measured in blood, indicating the amount of active thyroid hormones circulating.

Identify autoimmune thyroid disorders like Hashimoto's and Graves' disease.

A life-threatening complication of severe hypothyroidism, marked by decreased consciousness, low body temperature, and fluid buildup.

A severe and life-threatening condition of extreme hyperthyroidism, marked by high fever, rapid heart rate, and agitation.

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, regulating blood calcium, phosphate, and magnesium levels.

Overactive parathyroid glands producing excess PTH, leading to high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia).

Caused by a problem in the parathyroid glands themselves, often due to a benign tumor or hyperplasia.

Caused by conditions like chronic kidney disease or vitamin D deficiency, leading to low calcium levels and compensatory PTH overproduction.

Underactive parathyroid glands producing insufficient PTH, causing low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

The endocrine pancreas produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, such as insulin and glucagon.

Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to either insulin deficiency or resistance.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where cells don't respond to insulin effectively, leading to eventual insulin deficiency.

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves postpartum.

Hyperglycemia symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, excessive hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue, and others.

HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin) measures long-term blood glucose control, indicating average blood sugar levels over a few months.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes, especially type 1, caused by severe insulin deficiency.

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas due to premature activation of digestive enzymes, causing self-digestion.

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammatory condition causing permanent damage and loss of function in the pancreas.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder causing thick mucus build-up in the pancreas, blocking ducts and interfering with digestive enzyme release.

Two triangular-shaped endocrine glands located atop each kidney.

Produces corticosteroids including glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and androgens.

Regulates metabolism, stress response, and inflammation.

Maintains blood pressure by regulating sodium and potassium balance.

Produces catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply.

Chronic condition where the adrenal cortex fails to produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.

Autoimmune destruction (most common), tuberculosis, hemorrhage, genetic conditions (congenital adrenal hyperplasia).

Fatigue, weakness, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hypotension, low sodium, high potassium, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Hormone replacement therapy (hydrocortisone or prednisone, fludrocortisone), dietary adjustments (increased salt), emergency preparation (medical alert bracelet, emergency hydrocortisone).

Adrenal insufficiency caused by a lack of ACTH production from the pituitary gland.

Long-term corticosteroid use, pituitary tumors or trauma, brain radiation therapy or surgery.

Similar to Addison's but less severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance since aldosterone is unaffected.

ACTH Stimulation Test, MRI/CT Scan to detect pituitary tumors/abnormalities.

Hormone replacement therapy (hydrocortisone or prednisone), steroid tapering to prevent adrenal crisis.

A condition where a woman's ovaries stop functioning before age 40, leading to low estrogen levels and infertility.

Can be caused by genetic factors like Turner syndrome, environmental toxins like chemotherapy, autoimmune attacks on the ovaries, or unknown reasons.

Includes irregular or absent periods, infertility, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes.

Can lead to infertility due to low egg count, osteoporosis from low estrogen, increased risk of heart disease, and mental health issues.

A hormonal disorder affecting women, characterized by enlarged ovaries with cysts, irregular periods, and high androgen levels.

Linked to insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, and obesity.

Includes irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, weight gain issues, and infertility.

Can lead to type 2 diabetes, heart disease, endometrial cancer due to irregular ovulation, and mood disorders.

The natural cessation of menstruation around age 50 due to decreased ovarian hormone production.

Includes hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and bone loss.

A condition where men produce less testosterone, leading to delayed puberty or infertility.

Primary means the problem is with the testes, while secondary means it's due to pituitary gland disorders.

Includes delayed puberty, erectile dysfunction, low libido, infertility, and decreased muscle mass and body hair.

A genetic condition where individuals with XY chromosomes are resistant to testosterone, leading to varied gender characteristics.

A genetic disorder where males have an extra X chromosome, leading to hypogonadism and other physical characteristics.

High levels of prolactin in men, interfering with testosterone production and sperm formation.