30 Questions
According to the text, which gland regulates the target organ in secondary endocrine disorders?
Pituitary gland
Based on your understanding of how thyroid hormone secretion is regulated, if an individual acquires an autoimmune condition that damages the thyroid gland, what would be the expected level of TSH?
High
In primary hyperthyroidism, what would be the expected levels of T3 and T4?
High
In secondary hyperthyroidism, what would be the expected level of TSH?
High
What are the physiological actions of thyroid hormone on cardiovascular function?
Increased blood flow to the skin
What are the neuromuscular effects of slight elevations in thyroid hormone?
Increased muscle reaction
Which of the following is a common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
What is the usual age range for the onset of Graves disease?
20-40 years
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?
Exophthalmos
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
Taking antithyroid drugs
What is thyroid storm?
A life-threatening condition associated with hyperthyroidism
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of thyroid storm?
Nausea and vomiting
Which enzyme oxidizes iodide and facilitates combination with a tyrosine molecule to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and then diiodotyrosine (DIT)?
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
What is the active form of the thyroid hormone?
T3
Which protein moves iodine into the colloid, where it is involved in hormonogenesis?
Pendrin
Which hormone is released into the circulation in higher amounts, T3 or T4?
T4
What is the role of the Na+/I symporter (NIS) in thyroid hormone synthesis?
Transporting iodide across the basement membrane of the thyroid cells
What stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH into the blood?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Which of the following is a common cause of acquired hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
What is the term used to describe the nonpitting edema caused by accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharide in connective tissues throughout the body in hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism?
Constipation
What is the treatment for myxedematous coma?
Thyroid replacement therapy
Which hormone is commonly used for replacement therapy in hypothyroidism?
T4
What is the term used to describe the clinical syndrome that results when tissues are exposed to high levels of circulating thyroid hormone?
Thyrotoxicosis
Which hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
What is the main function of the thyroid hormones?
Regulating metabolism
Which disorder is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland?
Hyperthyroidism
Which disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Hypothyroidism
What is the name of the condition caused by an overproduction of growth hormone in adults?
Acromegaly
What is the name of the condition characterized by a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid storm
Test your knowledge on primary, secondary, and tertiary endocrine disorders with this quiz. Learn about the different types of disorders that can affect the thyroid gland and understand the role of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in regulating the endocrine system.
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