Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of normals have Chvostek’s Sign present?
What percentage of normals have Chvostek’s Sign present?
- 20%
- 10% (correct)
- 15%
- 5%
What percentage of calcium is protein-bound in the blood?
What percentage of calcium is protein-bound in the blood?
- 100%
- 60%
- 80%
- 40% (correct)
What percentage of calcium is ionized (free) in the blood?
What percentage of calcium is ionized (free) in the blood?
- 20%
- 30%
- 50% (correct)
- 40%
What is the normal range for blood calcium level?
What is the normal range for blood calcium level?
What determines the release of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What determines the release of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Where are the PTH1 receptors located?
Where are the PTH1 receptors located?
What is the biological effect of PTH on bone?
What is the biological effect of PTH on bone?
What is the primary action of PTH in the kidney?
What is the primary action of PTH in the kidney?
Which of the following is a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Which of the following is a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is a cause of hypoparathyroidism?
What is a cause of hypoparathyroidism?
What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly?
What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly?
What is the primary purpose of the presentation mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of the presentation mentioned in the text?
What may happen if the presenter disregards the instructions for the use of the presentation?
What may happen if the presenter disregards the instructions for the use of the presentation?
Which medical condition can destabilize neurons due to low calcium levels?
Which medical condition can destabilize neurons due to low calcium levels?
What is the physical sign of hypocalcaemia described as 'Trousseau’s sign'?
What is the physical sign of hypocalcaemia described as 'Trousseau’s sign'?
What is the role of calcium in blood clotting as mentioned in the text?
What is the role of calcium in blood clotting as mentioned in the text?
Which medical professional is presenting in the mentioned presentation?
Which medical professional is presenting in the mentioned presentation?
Where is the Princess Royal Hospital located?
Where is the Princess Royal Hospital located?
What is the specialty of Dr. Trevor Wheatley as mentioned in the text?
What is the specialty of Dr. Trevor Wheatley as mentioned in the text?
What is the effect of hypocalcaemia on neurons?
What is the effect of hypocalcaemia on neurons?
What is the recommended action if someone has a first fit according to the text?
What is the recommended action if someone has a first fit according to the text?
What is the significance of calcium in exocytosis as mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of calcium in exocytosis as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary biochemical process mentioned in relation to calcium in the text?
What is the primary biochemical process mentioned in relation to calcium in the text?
What is the primary focus of the presentation mentioned in the text?
What is the primary focus of the presentation mentioned in the text?
What is the suggested action if someone has a single nodule that autonomously produces excessive hormones?
What is the suggested action if someone has a single nodule that autonomously produces excessive hormones?
What was the specialty of Dr. Trevor Wheatley mentioned in the text?
What was the specialty of Dr. Trevor Wheatley mentioned in the text?
What is the effect of having an excess of hormones, as mentioned in the text?
What is the effect of having an excess of hormones, as mentioned in the text?
What was the humorous perspective shared by the infectious diseases doctor about endocrinology?
What was the humorous perspective shared by the infectious diseases doctor about endocrinology?
What is the primary problem associated with having an excess of hormones?
What is the primary problem associated with having an excess of hormones?
What may be a consequence of an enlarged thyroid gland?
What may be a consequence of an enlarged thyroid gland?
What is the consequence of hypercalcemia on kidney function?
What is the consequence of hypercalcemia on kidney function?
What are Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign indicators of?
What are Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign indicators of?
What is the effect of hypocalcemia on the body?
What is the effect of hypocalcemia on the body?
What is the primary cause of osteoporosis?
What is the primary cause of osteoporosis?
What can result from surgeons damaging the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery?
What can result from surgeons damaging the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery?
What is the main consequence of hypercalcemia mentioned in the text?
What is the main consequence of hypercalcemia mentioned in the text?
What is the role of parathyroid glands in response to low calcium levels?
What is the role of parathyroid glands in response to low calcium levels?
What is the function of the calcium-sensing receptor in the chief cells of the parathyroid glands?
What is the function of the calcium-sensing receptor in the chief cells of the parathyroid glands?
How does the body adjust total calcium levels for albumin levels?
How does the body adjust total calcium levels for albumin levels?
What is the primary response of the body to low calcium levels?
What is the primary response of the body to low calcium levels?
What is the significance of the parathyroid glands in calcium control?
What is the significance of the parathyroid glands in calcium control?
What is the primary site of action for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
What is the primary site of action for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium levels in the bloodstream?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium levels in the bloodstream?
What is the consequence of low magnesium levels in relation to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What is the consequence of low magnesium levels in relation to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence phosphate levels in the kidneys?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence phosphate levels in the kidneys?
What is the role of the kidney in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity?
What is the role of the kidney in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity?
What is the primary effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone cells?
What is the primary effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone cells?
What triggers the production of vitamin D in the body?
What triggers the production of vitamin D in the body?
What is the primary role of the kidney in vitamin D processing?
What is the primary role of the kidney in vitamin D processing?
What can lead to extremely low phosphate levels and related health issues?
What can lead to extremely low phosphate levels and related health issues?
What inhibits the production of active vitamin D in the body?
What inhibits the production of active vitamin D in the body?
What is a consequence of excessive parathyroid hormone production?
What is a consequence of excessive parathyroid hormone production?
How does the body's endocrine system regulate vitamin D production?
How does the body's endocrine system regulate vitamin D production?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Vitamin D and Calcium Regulation in the Body
- Ultraviolet light hitting the skin triggers the production of vitamin D, which is effective in younger people but requires initial stores of the vitamin.
- Vitamin D levels in the United Kingdom's population are generally low due to limited sun exposure and diet.
- Vitamin D can also be obtained from the diet, but its sources may not be sufficient to meet the body's needs.
- Elderly individuals with poor diets and limited sun exposure can have very low vitamin D levels, leading to health issues.
- Vitamin D is hydroxylated in the liver and then undergoes further processing in the kidney under the influence of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- The kidney's role in vitamin D processing includes increasing calcium reabsorption and stimulating the production of active vitamin D, which enhances calcium absorption in the gut.
- The body's endocrine system regulates vitamin D production through a negative feedback loop to maintain balance.
- Fibroblast growth factor 23, produced by bone cells, can inhibit the production of active vitamin D, contributing to the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels.
- Excessive production of fibroblast growth factor 23 can lead to extremely low phosphate levels and related health issues.
- Excessive parathyroid hormone production, often due to a single nodule behaving autonomously, can lead to increased serum calcium levels and phosphate excretion.
- The diagnosis of excessive parathyroid hormone production is relatively straightforward, as it is associated with increased serum calcium levels.
- High levels of parathyroid hormone increase phosphate excretion by the kidneys.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
