83 Questions
What is the resting heart rate for a patient with Sinus Bradycardia?
Less than 60 beats per minute
Which condition is characterized by an irregular wave in the rhythm, with a flatten and unidentifiable P wave?
Atrial Fibrillation
What is a common cause of Sinus Bradycardia in athletes?
Exercise that strengthens the heart muscle
Which medical intervention is commonly used for extremely slow heart rates?
Atropine
What does Tachycardia refer to in cardiac arrhythmias?
Fast heartbeat
What is the main difference between Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter?
Rate of P waves
Which treatment method is specifically mentioned for Atrial Flutter but not for Atrial Fibrillation?
Cardioversion
What characteristic differentiates Ventricular Tachycardia from Ventricular Fibrillation?
Contraction rate of ventricles
Which arrhythmia condition would most likely result in immediate death if not corrected promptly?
Ventricular Fibrillation
What is the key difference between Ventricular Fibrillation and Asystole in terms of rhythm?
Appearance of the wave/complex
How long should a client refrain from sexual activity after undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty if described in the text?
1 week
What is the expected duration of a bruise at the catheter insertion site following angioplasty, as mentioned in the text?
1-3 weeks
What is the symptom that may indicate obstructed blood flow through the coronary artery after angioplasty?
Pain or tightness in the chest
Which medication is NOT listed as a medical treatment for angina pectoris in the text?
Potassium supplements
What is the recommended nursing intervention for a patient with angina pectoris in terms of positioning during an attack?
Semi-Fowler's position
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with pericarditis?
Pulmonary hypertension
What is the main clinical consequence of cardiac tamponade?
Reduced ventricular filling
Which valve disorder is characterized by the inability of the mitral valve to close completely?
Mitral valve prolapse
What is the primary cause of valvular heart disorders according to the text?
Congenital defects
What procedure involves surgically removing a small part of the sac around the heart to drain excess fluid?
Pericardial window
Which condition can result from the narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries?
Myocardial Infarction
What is the purpose of a defibrillator in medical treatment?
To restore normal heart rhythm
What should a patient do if they experience dizziness or palpitations near electrical equipment?
Move 6 feet away from the source
What is a common symptom of Coronary Artery Disease?
Chest Pain
What is a key aspect of post-care instructions for patients with permanent pacemakers?
Avoid lifting heavy objects for about 1-2 months
What is the main aim of nursing care for Myocarditis?
Maintaining normal cardiac function
Which medication is NOT typically administered for Myocarditis?
Antibiotics
Which symptom is NOT associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
What procedure allows for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in heart patients?
Cardiac catheterization
What is the primary purpose of MONA therapy in managing Myocardial Infarction?
To restore blood flow to the heart
What is a common sign and symptom of aortic valve stenosis?
Arterial pulsation in the neck
What is the consequence of the leaflets not completely sealing the aortic orifice in aortic insufficiency?
Backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle
What is the recommended treatment for most instances of valvular disorders of the heart?
Valve repair or replacement
What is one cause of hardening and narrowing of arteries in peripheral vascular disease?
Fatty plaques building up in the arterial wall
Which symptom is associated with peripheral vascular disease?
Decreased blood flow
In aortic valve stenosis, what does obstructed flow result in?
Left ventricular Hypertrophy
What should be educated to the client undergoing valve repair or replacement?
Lifelong anticoagulant therapy
What leads to arteriosclerosis in peripheral vascular disease?
Narrowing and hardening of arteries in extremities
What is the heart rate range for Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)?
150-300 beats per minute
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of Atrial Flutter?
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
What is the primary treatment method for Asystole?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Which condition is characterized by irregular electrical impulses in the Ventricles, leading to a quivering pattern?
Ventricular Fibrillation (VFIB)
Which medication is specifically mentioned as a treatment for Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?
IV Adenosine
What should a patient do if they experience dizziness or palpitations near electrical equipment?
Move away from the electrical source
Which symptom may indicate obstructed blood flow through the coronary artery after angioplasty?
Swelling at the catheter insertion site
What is the expected duration of a bruise at the catheter insertion site following angioplasty?
1 week
What characteristic differentiates Ventricular Tachycardia from Ventricular Fibrillation?
Response to defibrillation
What procedure allows for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in heart patients?
Coronary angioplasty
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes Atrial Fibrillation from Sinus Bradycardia?
P wave appears flat and unidentifiable
How is Cardiac Arrythmias Bradycardia usually treated when the heart rate is extremely slow?
With Atropine, an anticholinergic blocking agent
In Sinus Bradycardia, what can be a reason for an athlete to experience infrequent heartbeats?
Strenuous exercise strengthening the heart muscle
What is a common cause of Cardiac Arrhythmias according to the text?
Changes in the heart muscle
What treatment is usually recommended for Atrial Fibrillation (AfIB) when dealing with its irregular rhythm?
Cardioversion
What is the primary cause of Myocarditis according to the text?
Viruses and rheumatic heart disease
Which intervention is aimed at reducing fatigue in patients with Myocarditis?
Teaching energy-depleting activities
What is the main aim of nursing care for patients with Endocarditis as described in the text?
Monitoring Vital Signs
Which sign is NOT typically associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease according to the text?
Swollen, tender, red joints
What is a common complication of untreated or under-treated strep infections as mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of Myocarditis
Which symptom is typically NOT associated with endocarditis?
Splenomegaly
What is the primary cause of valvular heart disorders as per the text?
Congenital defects
Which valve disorder results in blood seeping back into the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Mitral insufficiency
What is the main clinical consequence of cardiac tamponade?
Hemodynamic compromise
Which symptom is NOT commonly observed in mitral stenosis?
Palpitation of the heart
What is the most appropriate nursing intervention if a patient with angina pectoris experiences chest pain?
Place the patient in a semi-Fowler's position and give oxygen
After a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, what should a patient immediately report to the cardiologist?
Swelling at the insertion site
What is the primary medication used for management of angina pectoris?
Nitroglycerin sublingual
What is a common symptom of angina pectoris that differentiates it from other cardiac conditions?
Pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin
What action should a patient take if experiencing angina pectoris symptoms?
Stop all activities, sit or rest in bed in a semi-Fowler's position, and use nitroglycerin sublingually
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with aortic valve stenosis?
Palpitations
What is the main clinical manifestation of aortic insufficiency?
Decreased force of the heartbeat
What is the primary cause of narrowing and hardening of arteries in peripheral vascular disease?
Fatty plaques building up in arterial walls
What is the recommended nursing intervention for a client undergoing valve repair or replacement?
Provide information about lifelong anticoagulant therapy
Which procedure is considered the treatment of choice in most instances for valvular disorders of the heart?
Valve repair or replacement
What symptom indicates decreased blood flow through narrowed arteries in peripheral vascular disease?
Numbness and tingling in extremities
Which symptom is characteristic of cardiac tamponade?
'Pulsating' feeling in the neck
What leads to injury of nerves and tissues in peripheral vascular disease?
'Decreased' blood flow
What is the main aim of educating clients about prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures?
Prevent endocarditis
What should be emphasized when educating patients about arterial pulsations in the neck related to valvular disorders?
An abnormal finding that requires immediate medical attention
What is the main clinical consequence of aortic valve stenosis?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What would be a possible symptom of aortic insufficiency according to the text?
Elevated diastolic blood pressure
What care should be implemented for a client undergoing valve repair or replacement, as described in the text?
Initiating anticoagulant therapy
What medication is specifically mentioned as a treatment for Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in the text?
Beta-blockers
What is the primary cause of narrowing and hardening of arteries in peripheral vascular disease?
Fatty plaques building up in arterial walls
Study Notes
- Cardiac arrhythmias are conditions characterized by irregular heartbeats, including bradycardia, tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation.
- Common causes of cardiac arrhythmias include coronary artery disease, electrolyte imbalances, heart injury, high fever, and overactive thyroid.
- Sinus bradycardia is a rhythm disorder with a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less. Causes include problems with the SA node or administration of Digoxin.
- Atrial fibrillation is a rhythm disorder with an irregular and chaotic wave pattern. Causes include SA node rapidly firing electrical impulses, high blood pressure, heart attack, and abnormal heart valves.
- Atrial flutter is a rhythm disorder characterized by rapid, fluttering P waves, and some impulses conducted to the ventricles. Causes include chaotic firing of the SA node and various underlying conditions such as heart disease, heart failure, and medications.
- Ventricular tachycardia is a rhythm disorder with a fast, irregular heart rate, with P waves absent. Causes include improper electrical activity in the ventricles and underlying conditions such as cardiomyopathy and structural heart disease.
- Supraventricular tachycardia is a rhythm disorder with a regular heartbeat that suddenly beats faster, then slows down abruptly. Causes include heart disease, chronic lung disease, and drug misuse.
- Ventricular fibrillation is a deadly rhythm characterized by erratic QRS waves, quivering ventricles, and no cardiac output. Causes include rapid electrical impulses and various underlying conditions such as hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, and coronary artery disease.
- Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias varies depending on the type and underlying cause, and may include medications, cardioversion, and surgery.
- A pacemaker is a device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart to maintain a normal rhythm. Causes for pacemaker insertion include heart block and abnormally slow conduction through the AV node.
- After pacemaker insertion, patients should follow specific instructions to ensure proper care and prevent complications.
- Coronary artery disease is a condition characterized by narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries due to fatty plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and heart attack. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery.
- Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
- After PTCA, patients should follow specific instructions to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.
- Defibrillators are devices used to prevent or correct arrhythmias by sending electrical pulses or shocks to the heart. They are used to restore normal heartbeat and prevent sudden cardiac arrest.
- Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis and can lead to angina, myocardial infarction, and various diagnostic tests including ECG, CBC, x-ray examination, patient medical history, oxygen saturation, serum magnesium and potassium, echocardiogram, blood tests, and sedimentation rate.
- PTCA is a procedure used to open blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. It involves passing a balloon-tipped catheter into the affected coronary artery, inflating the balloon to compress the atheroma, and placing a stent to maintain patency of the artery.
- After PTCA, patients should avoid lifting heavy objects, riding a bicycle, driving a vehicle, or mowing the lawn for at least 3 days. They should also refrain from sexual activity for 1 week, shower instead of bathe, and clean the site with soap and water.
- Patients with pacemakers should be cautious of situations that can cause pacemaker malfunction, including gravitational force during airplane departures or landings, high tension wires, shortwave radio transmissions, telephone, transformers, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
- Patients with pacemakers should move to another location and check their pulse rate if they experience dizziness or palpitations, avoid close or prolonged contact with electrical devices or devices with strong magnetic fields, and request hand scanning during airport security checks. They should also maintain follow-up care, avoid injury to the pacemaker area, and report any signs of bleeding, infection, or impaired circulation.
Learn about the symptoms of endocarditis, an inflammation that affects the heart's inner lining and valves. Explore nursing treatments for this condition and understand how it is diagnosed and managed.
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