Encryption, Protocols, and Algorithms

• Encryption converts readable messages into unreadable text, preventing unauthorized access.
• Decryption converts encrypted messages back to their original, readable format.
• Protocols are agreed-upon rules governing data transmission and reception between devices.
• A packet is a small unit of data transmitted over a network.
• Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data a computer system can process and hold.
• A computing system is a group of computing devices working together for a common purpose.
• A computer network is a group of interconnected computer devices capable of exchanging data.
• A computer device is a physical piece of computing hardware.
• Data abstraction simplifies complex data structures by hiding unnecessary details.
• Binary search is an algorithm which works on sorted lists, repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.
• Linear search sequentially compares each element until the target is found.
• Binary search involves repeatedly dividing the search, adjusting the high or low index until the desired output is found.
• A path is a sequence of connected computing devices from a sender to a receiver.
• Routing is the process of finding a path from sender to receiver in a network.
• Simulation is an abstraction that creates an estimate of something to draw inferences.
• A heuristic is a problem-solving approach that might not always be optimal but is practical when finding an optimal solution is too time-consuming.

Algorithmic Efficiency

• Reasonable algorithmic efficiencies include: Constant, Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic.
• Unreasonable algorithmic efficiencies include: Exponential, Factorial.

Network Components

• LLC (Logical Link Control) provides logic for the data link, controlling synchronization, flow, and error-checking functions.
• MAC (Media Access Control) is a unique identifier for each network device.
• NIC (Network Interface Card) is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network.
• IP address is a unique string of numbers that identifies each computer using internet protocol.
• OS (Operating System) is the most important software, managing computer memory, processes, software, and hardware.