M+S L2)EN1500 Lecture 2: Lexeme and Morpheme

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Questions and Answers

What is a key consideration when examining the bases of morphemes?

  • Their frequency of usage in everyday language
  • Their etymological origins
  • Their phonological similarity to other morphemes
  • Their syntactic part of speech (correct)

What is the typical pattern of words that take the suffix -ise/-ize?

  • Bases with more than three syllables
  • Monosyllabic bases with primary stress on the final syllable
  • Bases with exactly two syllables
  • Polysyllabic bases with no primary stress on the final syllable (correct)

What is the function of the prefix un- when attached to an adjective?

  • It adds a connotation of intensity to the adjective
  • It negates the meaning of the adjective (correct)
  • It adds a connotation of permanence to the adjective
  • It intensifies the meaning of the adjective

What is an example of an infix in English?

<p>The -ee- in 'feet' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bound morpheme?

<p>The prefix 'un-' in the word 'unhappy' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of semantic analysis in morphology?

<p>The meaning of morphemes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between 'dissent' and 'assent' in terms of semantic analysis?

<p>One is related to agreement, while the other is related to strong disagreement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of words that includes 'pre-' and 'trans-'?

<p>Prefixes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bound morphemes and one base word are found in the word 'discouraging'?

<p>1 bound morpheme and 1 base word (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest unit of language that carries meaning?

<p>Free Morpheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is an example of a complex word?

<p>tolerable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of analyzing the meaning of words and their relationships?

<p>Semantic Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a free base in a word?

<p>To carry the core semantic meaning of the word (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function?

<p>Morpheme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a lemma and a lexeme?

<p>A lemma is a particular form of a lexeme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a prefix in a word?

<p>To modify the grammatical function of the base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a mono-morphemic word and a poly-morphemic word?

<p>A mono-morphemic word has one free base, while a poly-morphemic word has multiple free bases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a set of all inflected or alternating forms in a minimal lexical unit paradigm?

<p>Lexeme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of phonology in relation to morphological analysis?

<p>sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the suffixes -ise and -ify typically differ in their application to monosyllabic and polysyllabic bases?

<p>typically -ise is used with polysyllabic bases, while -ify is used with monosyllabic bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the prefix un- when attached to a verb, and how does it differ from its function when attached to an adjective?

<p>un- implies impermanent result with verbs, and negation with adjectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the base that typically determines the choice between the suffixes -ise and -ify?

<p>the number of syllables in the base and the placement of primary stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an affix that is inserted within another morpheme, and what is an example of this in English?

<p>infix, example: feet (vs. foot)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when analyzing the base of a morpheme?

<p>syntactic part of speech or category</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a bound morpheme that distinguishes it from a free morpheme?

<p>A bound morpheme must be attached to another element, whereas a free morpheme can stand alone as a complete word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an inflectional suffix in a word, and provide an example?

<p>Inflectional suffixes indicate grammatical function, such as tense, number, or possession, without changing the word's basic meaning. For example, the suffix '-s' in 'cats' indicates plural number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a prefix and a suffix, and provide an example of each?

<p>A prefix is a bound morpheme attached to the beginning of a word, while a suffix is a bound morpheme attached to the end of a word. Examples: the prefix 'un-' in 'unhappy' and the suffix '-ness' in 'happiness'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a base in a word, and how does it relate to bound morphemes?

<p>A base is a free morpheme that can stand alone as a complete word, and bound morphemes are attached to it to form a new word. The base provides the core meaning of the word, while the bound morphemes modify or add to this meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of 'attachment' in the context of morphemes, and provide an example?

<p>The concept of attachment refers to the way in which bound morphemes are combined with a base to form a new word. For example, the prefix 're-' attaches to the base 'write' to form the word 'rewrite'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prefixes and suffixes affect the meaning of a base, and provide an example?

<p>Prefixes and suffixes can modify or add to the meaning of a base, without changing its basic meaning. For example, the prefix 'un-' in 'unhappy' negates the meaning of the base 'happy', while the suffix '-ness' in 'happiness' forms a noun from the adjective 'happy'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a lexeme and a lemma, and how do they relate to a word's paradigm?

<p>A lexeme is a set of all inflected or alternating forms in a minimal lexical unit paradigm, while a lemma is a particular form chosen to represent the lexeme. The lemma is a representative of the lexeme, which is a theoretical construct for the single meaning and shared syntactic properties of a group of word forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a free base in a word, and how does it relate to bound morphemes?

<p>A free base is the major semantic core component of a word to which prefixes and suffixes attach, and it typically belongs to a lexical category such as noun, verb, or adjective. Bound morphemes, on the other hand, carry information about meaning or function but cannot stand alone as a word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do morphemes contribute to the meaning of a word, and what is the relationship between morphemes and semantic analysis?

<p>Morphemes are the smallest units of language that carry information about meaning or function, and they contribute to the meaning of a word by providing information about its grammatical function, lexical category, and semantic properties. Semantic analysis examines the meaning of words and their relationships, and it relies on the identification and analysis of morphemes to understand word meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a mono-morphemic word and a poly-morphemic word, and how do they relate to morphological analysis?

<p>A mono-morphemic word is a word that consists of only one free morpheme, while a poly-morphemic word consists of multiple morphemes. Morphological analysis examines the structure and composition of words, and distinguishing between mono-morphemic and poly-morphemic words is essential in understanding the internal structure of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prefixes and suffixes interact with the base morpheme in a word, and what is the role of the base morpheme in this process?

<p>Prefixes and suffixes attach to the base morpheme to form a word, and the base morpheme provides the core meaning of the word. The base morpheme is the central component of the word, and prefixes and suffixes modify or add to its meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the relationship between morphemes and lexical categories in morphology, and how does this relationship impact word meaning?

<p>Understanding the relationship between morphemes and lexical categories is essential in morphology, as it reveals the grammatical function and semantic properties of a word. The lexical category of a morpheme determines its meaning and function, and recognizing this relationship is crucial in understanding word meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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