EMTB Chapter 22 Homework Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?

Cardiac contusion

Pulmonary contusion

Multiple rib fractures

Head injury (correct)

What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for the 12-year-old male's back pain after jumping from a tree?

Direct trauma to the spinal column

Energy transmission to the spine (correct)

Lateral impact to the spine

Secondary fall after the initial impact

According to the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), when should you consider air medical transport of a trauma patient?

Ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries.

The patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away.

He or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor.

Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. (correct)

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

Coughing up blood Signup and view all the answers

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

Headrest is appropriately positioned Signup and view all the answers

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover Signup and view all the answers

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

Is ejected or partially ejected Signup and view all the answers

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of:

7 Signup and view all the answers

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The treatment for the passenger should include:

Transport to a trauma center Signup and view all the answers

The energy of a moving object is called:

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.

door Signup and view all the answers

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

Neck and facial injuries Signup and view all the answers

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:

Mechanism of injury Signup and view all the answers

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

Lateral collisions Signup and view all the answers

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen. You should control the obvious bleeding and then:

Assess for an exit wound Signup and view all the answers

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:

Identify contact points and predict potential injuries Signup and view all the answers

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

Avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure Signup and view all the answers

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

Compression of the head against the roof Signup and view all the answers

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

Remains in motion until acted upon by an external force Signup and view all the answers

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:

The bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Deformed steering wheel Signup and view all the answers

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

Suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury Signup and view all the answers

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the:

Thoracic and lumbar spine Signup and view all the answers

With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct?

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

Primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked Signup and view all the answers

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop Signup and view all the answers

Air bags are designed to:

Decrease the severity of deceleration injuries Signup and view all the answers

According to the American College of Surgeons, an adult trauma patient meets Level I criteria if he or she:

Has a GCS score of less than or equal to 8 with a mechanism attributed to trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag Signup and view all the answers

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body Signup and view all the answers

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

Stomach rupture Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

Cavitation Signup and view all the answers

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

Quadruples Signup and view all the answers

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to:

Remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you Signup and view all the answers

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

Your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?

A 4′6″ patient who fell 13′ Signup and view all the answers

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

Potential airway compromise Signup and view all the answers

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. In addition to managing airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

Stabilize her entire spine Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

Approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian Signup and view all the answers

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:

Falls and motor vehicle collisions Signup and view all the answers

Force acting over a distance defines the concept of:

Work Signup and view all the answers

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

Osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall Signup and view all the answers

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for:

Bruising of the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture Signup and view all the answers

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

The speed of the fall Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must:

Have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day Signup and view all the answers

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

As a direct result of the pressure wave Signup and view all the answers

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. You should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

Intracranial bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pulmonary Blast Injury

Signs include coughing up blood alongside potential rib fractures and irregular pulse.

Cervical Spine Protection

The cervical spine is best protected from whiplash injuries with properly positioned headrests.

Motor Vehicle Collisions

Rotational and rollover collisions pose the highest risk for multiple impacts.

Rollover Crash Injuries

Ejection from the vehicle during a rollover crash significantly increases the risk of serious injury or death.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A patient opening eyes to trapezius muscle pinch and mumbling receives a GCS score of 7.

Passenger Management in Vehicle Crashes

Passengers with minor injuries but involved in serious crashes should be transported to a trauma center.

Kinetic Energy

Defined as the energy possessed by a moving object.

Airbag Deployment Risks

Drivers not wearing seatbelts are likely to strike the vehicle's door when airbags deploy.

Child Safety in Crashes

Children only wearing lap belts in crashes with deployed airbags are at risk for neck and facial injuries.

Mechanism of Injury Assessment

Evaluating the interior damage in a crashed vehicle aids in understanding the mechanism of injury.

Aorta Injury Incidence

Approximately 25% of severe aorta injuries occur during lateral collisions.

Gunshot Wounds

Assessing for exit wounds is crucial after a gunshot wound to the abdomen.

Evaluation During Extrication

Assessing interior vehicle damage helps identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

Blast Injury Treatment

For pulmonary blast injuries, avoid administering oxygen under positive pressure.

Compression Injuries

Significant head compression against the vehicle’s roof during rollover crashes can lead to serious injuries.

Kinetic Energy and Motion

An unrestrained occupant in a crash continues in motion until acted upon by an external force, highlighting the effects of kinetic energy.

Internal Injuries from Gunshots

The unpredictable nature of internal injuries stems from bullets potentially tumbling or ricocheting in the body.

Direct Injury from Collisions

Deformed steering wheels in crashes are indicative of injuries sustained during the second collision.

Trauma Assessment

EMTs should suspect that all occupants in a vehicle involved in a fatal crash have experienced serious trauma.

Bullet Impact on Injury Severity

The speed of a bullet significantly affects the severity of injuries, more so than the bullet size.

Rear Seat Injuries

Passengers in the rear wearing only lap belts commonly sustain thoracic and lumbar spine injuries.

First Collision Dynamics

The first collision in a crash is dramatic and can complicate extrication efforts.

Blast Injury Phases

Primary blast injuries are often the most overlooked during assessments.

Height Fall Injury Mechanism

Falling from significant heights involves the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy and its subsequent impact.

Importance of Airbags

Airbags are designed to reduce the severity of deceleration injuries in crashes.

Trauma Level Criteria

Adults with a GCS ≤ 8 due to trauma meet Level I trauma criteria.

Signs of High-Energy Trauma

Deployment of airbags does not suggest high-energy trauma compared to steering wheel deformity or vehicle intrusion.

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

A patient with a GCS of 13, low blood pressure, and slow respiratory rate has an RTS of 9.

Low-Energy Penetrating Injury Characteristics

Injuries from low-energy bullets are usually close in proximity to their path.

Pressure Wave Injuries

Individuals near an explosion commonly experience stomach ruptures due to the effects of pressure waves.

Cavitation Defined

The phenomenon of cavitation refers to pressure waves from a bullet creating damage beyond its impact path.

Kinetic Energy and Speed

When a vehicle's speed doubles, its kinetic energy quadruples.

Airbag Safety Precautions

Awareness is crucial for EMTs regarding potential airbag deployment dangers, even when airbags did not deploy at impact.

Index of Suspicion

It reflects the concern for potentially severe underlying injuries in trauma patients.

Significant Falls

The injury assessment for falls should be based on the patient's height and the distance fallen, not solely on fall speed.

Neck Stab Wounds

After a neck stab wound, monitor for potential airway compromise and damage to internal structures.

Bicycle Accident Management

Stabilizing the spine is crucial alongside airway, breathing, and circulation management in bicycle-related injuries.

Pedestrian Collision Investigations

Evaluate the speed of the vehicle striking a pedestrian as the primary assessment step.

Common Blunt Trauma Mechanisms

Falls and motor vehicle collisions are the two predominant causes of blunt trauma injuries.

Work as a Concept

Work is defined as force acting over a distance, relevant in injury dynamics.

Elderly Fall Considerations

Osteoporosis increases the likelihood of fractures and may cause falls in elderly patients.

Irregular Pulse after Chest Trauma

In cases of chest trauma, irregular pulses are often indicative of heart muscle bruising.

Multisystem Trauma Response

Rapid transport to a trauma center is critical for patients suffering multisystem trauma.

Third Collision Consequences

Aortic ruptures are anticipated injuries resulting from the third collision in a car crash.

Factors in Fall Assessment

Speed of the fall does not influence the assessment of injury potential; height, surface struck, and primary impact point are key.

Trauma Center Levels

Level I trauma centers are distinguishable by the availability of general surgeons on-site 24/7.

Tertiary Phase Injuries in Blast Cases

Depressed skull injuries often occur as a direct result of the tertiary phase in blast injuries.

Intracranial Bleeding Concerns

After blunt head injuries, symptoms like confusion and headaches indicate possible intracranial bleeding.

Chest Impact Suffering

A patient in a crash who impacts the steering wheel likely did not sustain a head injury but could have various other serious injuries.

Energy Mechanism from Falls

Upon jumping and landing, energy transmission to the spine is the mechanism likely causing pain in the lower back.

Air Medical Transport Consideration

Consider air transport for trauma patients if ground transport is impeded, affecting timeliness to trauma centers.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on EMTB Chapter 22 with these flashcard questions. This quiz covers pulmonary blast injuries and the cervical spine's protection during impacts. Perfect for reinforcing key concepts and preparing for exams.