Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?
Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:
circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.
A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority?
Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding?
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When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first:
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The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is:
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When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should:
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A 70-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his nosebleed?
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Controlling internal bleeding requires:
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Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive?
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The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
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Force acting over a distance is the definition of:
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Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?
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Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?
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Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?
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While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male was involved. What should you be MOST suspicious the child has experienced?
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Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:
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A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. What is MOST important for you to do?
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A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?
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Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?
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Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?
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Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
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Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?
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Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
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What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?
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If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.
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Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
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The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:
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Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
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Kinetic energy is a calculation of:
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A 20-year-old man has major open facial injuries after his vehicle struck a tree head-on. Which of the following findings within the car would MOST likely explain his injury pattern?
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Which of the following would MOST likely result from the third collision in the 'three-collision' effect during a high-speed, frontal impact motor vehicle crash?
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A young male experienced severe blunt chest trauma when his passenger car struck another vehicle head-on. During your inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you would MOST likely find:
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An unrestrained driver collided with a bridge pillar. Upon inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you note that the lower dashboard is crushed. What is the MOST likely injury encountered?
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Whiplash injuries are MOST common following __________ impacts.
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Death from a rollover motor vehicle crash is MOST often secondary to:
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Severe abrasion injuries can occur when motorcycle riders are slowed after a collision by road drag. Road drag is most often associated with which type of motorcycle impact?
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When assessing a stab wound, what is important for the EMT to remember?
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A 40-year-old man was standing near a building when it exploded. What kind of blast injuries likely caused his head injury?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Components
- Lungs are not a part of the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood components.
Perfusion Definition
- Perfusion refers to the adequate circulation of blood within an organ, delivering necessary oxygen.
Treatment Priority in Trauma
- The highest treatment priority for wounds is given to a laceration with spurting bright red blood, indicating arterial bleeding.
Vital Signs and Internal Bleeding
- Vital signs indicative of internal bleeding often include low blood pressure, increased pulse, and rapid respirations. High vital signs may indicate lesser internal bleeding.
Internal Bleeding Care
- Initial care for internal bleeding requires taking standard precautions to ensure safety.
Controlling External Bleeding
- Direct pressure combined with elevation is the quickest and most effective method to control bleeding from an extremity.
Tourniquet Application
- When applying a tourniquet to an amputation, it must not be positioned over a joint to be effective.
Nosebleed Causes
- Elevated blood pressure is a likely contributor to severe nosebleeds in elderly patients.
Internal Bleeding Management
- Surgery in a hospital is often necessary for controlling internal bleeding effectively.
Trauma Center Classification
- Level I or Level II trauma centers are most suitable for critically injured patients, such as those who are unconscious after a vehicle collision.
Index of Suspicion
- The index of suspicion is crucial for recognizing potentially serious underlying injuries during assessment.
Forces in Physics
- Work is defined as force acting over a distance, fundamental in understanding kinetic and potential energy.
Gunshot Wound Impacts
- Bullet speed is a critical factor in the severity of injuries caused by gunshot wounds.
Motor Vehicle Collisions
- Rotational and rollover collisions are particularly hazardous due to their potential for multiple impacts.
Signs of High-Energy Trauma
- Signs like vehicle intrusion, steering wheel deformity, and dismounted seats indicate high-energy trauma; however, airbag deployment alone does not.
Child Injuries in Auto Accidents
- Children wearing only seat belts may sustain neck and facial injuries due to the deployment of airbags in frontal collisions.
Aortic Injury and Collisions
- Approximately 25% of severe aorta injuries happen during lateral collisions.
Spinal Injury Management
- For head trauma patients, especially children, it's vital to stabilize the entire spine immediately.
Back Pain Mechanism
- Jumping from a height results in back pain primarily due to energy transmission to the spine.
Heart Function
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood, while red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen.
Understanding Perfusion
- Perfusion is the process ensuring that organs receive adequate blood flow and nutrients.
Tolerance of Organs to Shock
- The gastrointestinal system exhibits a higher tolerance for shock compared to other organs.
Hypovolemic Shock Characteristics
- Hypovolemic shock occurs when the body can’t compensate for rapid blood loss.
Body Mechanisms for Controlling Bleeding
- The body's mechanisms include coagulation, clotting, and vasoconstriction collectively to control bleeding.
Dressing Application Techniques
- Effective dressing for bleeding should include direct pressure, full coverage of the wound, and an appropriate choice of gauze size.
Blood Volume Loss Impact
- Loss of more than 20% of total blood volume leads to significant vital sign changes in adults.
Assessing Bleeding Severity
- Clinical signs, symptoms, and the mechanism of injury should guide the assessment of bleeding severity, excluding systolic blood pressure.
Hemophilia Awareness
- Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously due to clotting deficiencies; treatments may not include aspirin.
Kinetic Energy Calculation
- Kinetic energy is determined by the weight and speed of an object.
Collision Findings
- Open facial injuries from a head-on vehicle collision are often linked to a nonintact windshield.
"Three-Collision" Effect
- The secondary collisions during high-speed impacts can result in severe internal injuries, such as aortic ruptures.
Common Injuries from Head-On Collisions
- A crushed instrument panel is frequently observed during head-on vehicle crashes, resulting in pelvic trauma.
Whiplash Frequency
- Rear-end impacts predominantly lead to whiplash injuries.
Rollover Accident Fatalities
- Ejections from vehicles during rollover crashes significantly contribute to fatalities.
Road Drag after Motorcycle Collisions
- Ejection from motorcycles commonly leads to severe abrasion injuries associated with road drag.
Stab Wound Assessment
- It’s crucial to recognize that stabbings can result in more internal damage than what's visible from the external wound.
Blast Injury Classification
- Tertiary blast injuries are typically responsible for severe head trauma in explosion incidents.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with this study guide covering key concepts from EMT Chapters 24 and 25. Answer questions about components of the cardiovascular system and the definition of perfusion, as well as trauma scenarios. Perfect for EMT students preparing for exams.
