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Questions and Answers
What should you assess for a 49-year-old male presenting with acute onset of crushing chest pain?
Assess the adequacy of his respirations.
What action should be taken for a 66-year-old female with substernal chest pressure?
Administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.
What occurs when a dissecting aortic aneurysm happens?
The inner layers of the aorta become separated.
What should the EMT do if a patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest?
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What condition should you suspect in a patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD)?
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Why does a patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experience chest pain during exertion?
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What should the EMT do after the AED has delivered a shock?
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When does angina pectoris occur?
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Where does deoxygenated blood from the body return?
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What does the impedance refer to in the context of AEDs?
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In which patients is nitroglycerin contraindicated?
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What should be done prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient?
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What are risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled?
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When might signs of a hypertensive emergency be most likely delayed?
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Where does the electrical impulse generated by the heart originate?
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When should an EMT use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age?
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Where should the 'LL' and 'RL' electrodes be placed when preparing for a 12-lead ECG?
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Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
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What sign is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
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What should you do when arriving at the scene of an unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless middle-aged man?
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Study Notes
Chest Pain and Cardiac Events
- Acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis indicates a need for respiratory assessment.
- Patients with a history of hypertension and diabetes may experience substernal chest pressure. Administer oxygen, 324 mg aspirin, and conduct further assessments.
- A dissecting aortic aneurysm involves separation of the aorta's inner layers.
- Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial oxygen demand surpassing supply.
Cardiac Arrest and AED Use
- In cases of cardiac arrest, immediately resume CPR after an AED shock.
- Prior to using an AED, ensure the patient's chest is dry.
- Most AEDs adjust voltage according to body resistance (impedance).
Heart Conditions and Devices
- Patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have likely experienced an acute myocardial infarction.
- Patients with atherosclerotic heart disease experience exertion-related chest pain due to narrowed coronary artery lumen.
Emergency Procedures
- When chest compressions are hindered by an external defibrillator vest, remove the battery before the vest.
- Apply pediatric AED pads and use energy-reducing devices for children aged 1 month to 8 years.
Monitoring and Diagnosis
- The heart's electrical impulse originates in the sinoatrial node.
- Electrode placement for a 12-lead ECG should be on the thighs or ankles.
- Dependent edema is a common sign of right-sided heart failure.
Risk Factors and Medical Conditions
- Non-controllable risk factors for acute myocardial infarction include family history.
- Signs of hypertensive emergencies may be delayed in chronic hypertension patients.
- Nitroglycerin should not be administered to those with a recent head injury.
Emergency Response to Collapse
- For an unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless middle-aged man, initiate high-quality CPR and use an AED promptly.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the assessment and treatment of chest pain in various patient scenarios as outlined in EMT Chapter 16. These flashcards cover crucial definitions and clinical indicators to prepare for emergencies effectively.
