EMS Exam Review Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The four components of negligence are Duty to Act, Breach of Duty, Willful Intent, and ______.

Damages

_________ is an important legal concept to understand and can be defined as the act of intentionally causing someone to fear an imminent harmful or offensive contact.

Assault

Pelvic fractures can hold up to 2L of blood and require immobilization, IV fluids, and ______.

surgery

Substance abuse can cause various toxidromes such as depressant, stimulant, and ______, with different symptoms and treatments.

hallucinogen Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary edema management includes nitro every 5 minutes, dangling feet, and CPAP if possible; discontinue use if patient becomes altered or ______.

unconscious Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary condition that causes elongated RBCs and can lead to various crises such as vasoocclusive, acute chest, and ______ sequestration.

splenic Signup and view all the answers

Renal failure can be reversible or irreversible, caused by various factors such as hypovolemia, obstruction, and ______, and can lead to end-stage renal disease.

diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Coagulation disorders can be caused by various factors such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and ______, and can lead to DIC.

thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

Different respiratory conditions include asthma, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, hyperventilation syndrome, spontaneous pneumothorax, and non-cardiogenic ______ edema.

pulmonary Signup and view all the answers

Different types of burns include electrical, thermal, chemical, radiation, and ______

inhalation Signup and view all the answers

Nitro is a smooth muscle relaxant that causes vasodilation and is indicated in chest pain with possible cardiac cause; contraindicated in inferior wall MIs and patients taking ED or pulmonary hypertension medications.

ASA Signup and view all the answers

Abdominal pain can be caused by various conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and colitis, with different symptoms and causes.

Renal Signup and view all the answers

Coagulation disorders can be caused by various factors such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia, and can lead to ______.

DIC Signup and view all the answers

AMI findings include ST elevation or depression in 2 or more contiguous leads; treated with nitro, ASA, and defib pads if applicable.

v-fib Signup and view all the answers

Hypothermia can range from mild to severe, and can lead to afterdrop phenomenon and internal rewarming need, with proper handling and cautious ______ pushing.

drug Signup and view all the answers

Substance abuse can cause various toxidromes such as depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen, with different symptoms and ______.

treatments Signup and view all the answers

Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause headache, nausea, and AMS, and is treated with high-flow oxygen and ______.

IV fluids Signup and view all the answers

Different respiratory conditions include asthma, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, hyperventilation syndrome, spontaneous pneumothorax, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary ______.

edema Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

EMS Exam Review Key Points

Understand scope of practice and standard of care, and authority to practice is given by the Medical Director.
Proper lifting techniques and understanding the difference between decontamination and sterilization.
Negligence is provable by four components: Duty to Act, Breach of Duty, Willful Intent, and Damages.
Types of consent: Implied, Informed, Expressed. DNR must be signed by three people and confidentiality is key.
Assault, battery, slander, libel, and false imprisonment are all important legal concepts to understand.
Understanding electrolytes and acid-base balance is important in treating patients.
Know the functions of ADH, RAAS cycle, and catecholamines in regulating bodily functions.
Shock is defined as a situation where there is a decrease in aerobic metabolism and normal function of the body.
Hypovolemia, cardiogenic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock are the main types.
Knowing the 5 rights of medication administration, drug schedules, and drug actions is important.
Proper IV access and medication administration techniques are crucial.
Intubation techniques, including nasotracheal intubation and surgical cric, are important to know.EMS Cardiology and Trauma Review
Body's response to burns can include drop in BP, peaked T waves, and widening QRS due to potassium influx
Compartment syndrome can occur from pressure build-up in small spaces, causing nerve damage and limb loss if untreated
Rule of nines and rule of palms used to estimate burn surface area
Different types of burns include electrical, thermal, chemical, radiation, and inhalation
Treatment for burns includes cooling with tepid water, covering with dry, sterile gauze, and fluid management
Inhalation burns treated with high flow oxygen, inspection for airway compromise, and possible intubation
C-spine injuries can cause EKG changes, cover wounds with dry dressings, and monitor for ICP symptoms
Dental injuries can cause airway obstruction and significant bleeding, and different types of facial fractures have specific names and potential complications
Treatment for eye injuries includes tetracaine, patching both eyes, and understanding the differences between glaucoma and macular degeneration
Pelvic fractures can hold up to 2L of blood and require immobilization, IV fluids, and surgery
Different respiratory conditions include asthma, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, hyperventilation syndrome, spontaneous pneumothorax, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Lethal rhythms include asystole, v-fib, and vtach, and different types of blocks include 2nd degree type 1 and 2, and 3rd degree heart block
Stable angina occurs when a portion of the heart muscle is temporarily deprived of blood, and can be relieved by relaxation or nitro, while unstable angina requires immediate medical attentionMedical Emergency Management: Cardiac, Neurological, and Endocrine Emergencies
Unstable angina is chest pain that occurs at rest or does not subside with nitro administration; treated with nitro, ASA, and pain management.
AMI findings include ST elevation or depression in 2 or more contiguous leads; treated with nitro, ASA, and defib pads if applicable.
Right heart failure is caused by left heart failure and causes fluid to back up into the extremities; left heart failure causes fluid to back up into the lungs.
Pulmonary edema management includes nitro every 5 minutes, dangling feet, and CPAP if possible; discontinue use if patient becomes altered or unconscious.
Nitro is a smooth muscle relaxant that causes vasodilation and is indicated in chest pain with possible cardiac cause; contraindicated in inferior wall MIs and patients taking ED or pulmonary hypertension medications.
ASA is an antiplatelet indicated in any chest pain patient who is not allergic or taking Brilinta; contraindicated in patients taking Brilinta and those with GI bleeds.
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic with rapid onset indicated in patients with pain levels 4-10; contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity and those with systolic blood pressure under 100mmHg.
Vasopressin is an artificial ADH used in codes in place of the first or second round of epi for fluid retention purposes only.
Amiodarone increases the cardiac refractory period and is given in VTACH with a pulse or VTACH/VFIB pulseless arrests; contraindicated in hypokalemia, cardiogenic shock, sinus brady, 2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks.
Atropine is an anticholinergic indicated in symptomatic 1st degree heart blocks, bradycardia secondary to vasalvagal episode, and spinal cord shock; contraindicated in 2nd or 3rd degree blocks, MI, closed angle glaucoma, GI obstruction, and IVR.
Dopamine is a sympathomimetic indicated in cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and neurogenic shock hypotension; SE include hypertension, n/v, headache, tachydysrhythmias, and tissue necrosis if infiltrated.
Stroke is classified as hemorrhagic or ischemic; CSS includes facial droop, arm drift, and slurred speech; managed by taking to a primary stroke center and obtaining last known well.Medical Emergencies: Symptoms, Management, and Treatment
Allergic reactions can cause local or systemic symptoms such as redness, swelling, hives, wheezing, and respiratory distress.
Abdominal pain can be caused by various conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and colitis, with different symptoms and causes.
Renal failure can be reversible or irreversible, caused by various factors such as hypovolemia, obstruction, and diabetes, and can lead to end-stage renal disease.
Dialysis patients may experience complications such as hypotension, potassium imbalance, and disequilibrium syndrome.
Kidney stones are common and extremely painful, caused by the crystallization of insoluble salts in the urine, and can cause UTI symptoms.
Substance abuse can cause various toxidromes such as depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen, with different symptoms and treatments.
Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause headache, nausea, and AMS, and is treated with high-flow oxygen and IV fluids.
Coagulation disorders can be caused by various factors such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia, and can lead to DIC.
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary condition that causes elongated RBCs and can lead to various crises such as vasoocclusive, acute chest, and splenic sequestration.
Spider bites can cause neurotoxic reactions, while snake bites can cause neurotoxic venom and should not be iced or elevated.
Heat emergencies can range from cramps and exhaustion to stroke, and can be managed with fluids, cooling, and monitoring for rhabdomyolysis.
Hypothermia can range from mild to severe, and can lead to afterdrop phenomenon and internal rewarming need, with proper handling and cautious drug pushing.
Drowning can cause respiratory problems and fluid in the lungs, and all patients should be transported even if recovered at the scene.

EMS Exam Review Key Points

Understand scope of practice and standard of care, and authority to practice is given by the Medical Director.
Proper lifting techniques and understanding the difference between decontamination and sterilization.
Negligence is provable by four components: Duty to Act, Breach of Duty, Willful Intent, and Damages.
Types of consent: Implied, Informed, Expressed. DNR must be signed by three people and confidentiality is key.
Assault, battery, slander, libel, and false imprisonment are all important legal concepts to understand.
Understanding electrolytes and acid-base balance is important in treating patients.
Know the functions of ADH, RAAS cycle, and catecholamines in regulating bodily functions.
Shock is defined as a situation where there is a decrease in aerobic metabolism and normal function of the body.
Hypovolemia, cardiogenic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock are the main types.
Knowing the 5 rights of medication administration, drug schedules, and drug actions is important.
Proper IV access and medication administration techniques are crucial.
Intubation techniques, including nasotracheal intubation and surgical cric, are important to know.EMS Cardiology and Trauma Review
Body's response to burns can include drop in BP, peaked T waves, and widening QRS due to potassium influx
Compartment syndrome can occur from pressure build-up in small spaces, causing nerve damage and limb loss if untreated
Rule of nines and rule of palms used to estimate burn surface area
Different types of burns include electrical, thermal, chemical, radiation, and inhalation
Treatment for burns includes cooling with tepid water, covering with dry, sterile gauze, and fluid management
Inhalation burns treated with high flow oxygen, inspection for airway compromise, and possible intubation
C-spine injuries can cause EKG changes, cover wounds with dry dressings, and monitor for ICP symptoms
Dental injuries can cause airway obstruction and significant bleeding, and different types of facial fractures have specific names and potential complications
Treatment for eye injuries includes tetracaine, patching both eyes, and understanding the differences between glaucoma and macular degeneration
Pelvic fractures can hold up to 2L of blood and require immobilization, IV fluids, and surgery
Different respiratory conditions include asthma, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, hyperventilation syndrome, spontaneous pneumothorax, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Lethal rhythms include asystole, v-fib, and vtach, and different types of blocks include 2nd degree type 1 and 2, and 3rd degree heart block
Stable angina occurs when a portion of the heart muscle is temporarily deprived of blood, and can be relieved by relaxation or nitro, while unstable angina requires immediate medical attentionMedical Emergency Management: Cardiac, Neurological, and Endocrine Emergencies
Unstable angina is chest pain that occurs at rest or does not subside with nitro administration; treated with nitro, ASA, and pain management.
AMI findings include ST elevation or depression in 2 or more contiguous leads; treated with nitro, ASA, and defib pads if applicable.
Right heart failure is caused by left heart failure and causes fluid to back up into the extremities; left heart failure causes fluid to back up into the lungs.
Pulmonary edema management includes nitro every 5 minutes, dangling feet, and CPAP if possible; discontinue use if patient becomes altered or unconscious.
Nitro is a smooth muscle relaxant that causes vasodilation and is indicated in chest pain with possible cardiac cause; contraindicated in inferior wall MIs and patients taking ED or pulmonary hypertension medications.
ASA is an antiplatelet indicated in any chest pain patient who is not allergic or taking Brilinta; contraindicated in patients taking Brilinta and those with GI bleeds.
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic with rapid onset indicated in patients with pain levels 4-10; contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity and those with systolic blood pressure under 100mmHg.
Vasopressin is an artificial ADH used in codes in place of the first or second round of epi for fluid retention purposes only.
Amiodarone increases the cardiac refractory period and is given in VTACH with a pulse or VTACH/VFIB pulseless arrests; contraindicated in hypokalemia, cardiogenic shock, sinus brady, 2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks.
Atropine is an anticholinergic indicated in symptomatic 1st degree heart blocks, bradycardia secondary to vasalvagal episode, and spinal cord shock; contraindicated in 2nd or 3rd degree blocks, MI, closed angle glaucoma, GI obstruction, and IVR.
Dopamine is a sympathomimetic indicated in cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and neurogenic shock hypotension; SE include hypertension, n/v, headache, tachydysrhythmias, and tissue necrosis if infiltrated.
Stroke is classified as hemorrhagic or ischemic; CSS includes facial droop, arm drift, and slurred speech; managed by taking to a primary stroke center and obtaining last known well.Medical Emergencies: Symptoms, Management, and Treatment
Allergic reactions can cause local or systemic symptoms such as redness, swelling, hives, wheezing, and respiratory distress.
Abdominal pain can be caused by various conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and colitis, with different symptoms and causes.
Renal failure can be reversible or irreversible, caused by various factors such as hypovolemia, obstruction, and diabetes, and can lead to end-stage renal disease.
Dialysis patients may experience complications such as hypotension, potassium imbalance, and disequilibrium syndrome.
Kidney stones are common and extremely painful, caused by the crystallization of insoluble salts in the urine, and can cause UTI symptoms.
Substance abuse can cause various toxidromes such as depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen, with different symptoms and treatments.
Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause headache, nausea, and AMS, and is treated with high-flow oxygen and IV fluids.
Coagulation disorders can be caused by various factors such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia, and can lead to DIC.
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary condition that causes elongated RBCs and can lead to various crises such as vasoocclusive, acute chest, and splenic sequestration.
Spider bites can cause neurotoxic reactions, while snake bites can cause neurotoxic venom and should not be iced or elevated.
Heat emergencies can range from cramps and exhaustion to stroke, and can be managed with fluids, cooling, and monitoring for rhabdomyolysis.
Hypothermia can range from mild to severe, and can lead to afterdrop phenomenon and internal rewarming need, with proper handling and cautious drug pushing.
Drowning can cause respiratory problems and fluid in the lungs, and all patients should be transported even if recovered at the scene.

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Test your knowledge of emergency medical services with our EMS Exam Review quiz! This quiz covers key points such as proper lifting techniques, legal concepts to understand, and various types of emergencies and their treatment. Whether you're studying for an exam or simply want to improve your knowledge, this quiz will help you review important topics related to EMS.