Employee Contributions and Incentive Pay
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Questions and Answers

What does the letter 'V' in the motivation equation (Motivation = E x I x V) represent?

  • Valence (correct)
  • Vocational interest
  • Value of performance
  • Velocity

If either Expectancy, Instrumentality, or Valence is equal to zero, motivation will still occur.

False (B)

What does a piecework plan primarily reward?

  • Teamwork performance
  • Standardized pay raises
  • Quantity of units produced (correct)
  • Quality of work

What principle states that high performance followed by a reward makes future high performance more likely?

<p>Thorndike's Law of Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Merit pay becomes part of the employee's basic salary.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In piecework plans, a worker is paid based on the quantity of ______ produced.

<p>units</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that determines the size and frequency of pay increases in a merit pay program.

<p>Individual's performance rating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an implication for designing incentive plans?

<p>The reward should be seen as irrelevant by the employee. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a merit pay program, increases are often based on a __________ that combines performance rating and pay range.

<p>Merit Increase Grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Valence = Perceived value of the reward Expectancy = Belief that effort leads to performance Instrumentality = Belief that performance leads to rewards Piecework Plan = Payment based on quantity produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor influencing whether an employee decides to join or remain at an organization?

<p>Pay level and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major criticism of merit pay programs?

<p>Appraisals can be unfair and subjective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizations that use team rewards are likely to attract individualistic employees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the merit pay adaptations with their descriptions:

<p>Lump sum merit raises = One-time bonus for lower-level workers Annual increases = Part of employee's base salary Effectiveness of appraisal = Important for fair merit distribution Performance rating = Determines pay increase size and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the piecework plan, all employees easily exceed the production standard.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a QC Supervisor play in a piecework plan?

<p>They check the work quality of employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of commission plans?

<p>They can demotivate potentially high-performing salespeople. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combination plans typically have a 50% base salary and 50% commission structure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most famous long-term incentive offered to employees?

<p>stock option</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most firms provide short-term incentives in the form of ______.

<p>cash</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following incentive types with their characteristics:

<p>Straight Commission = Pay solely based on sales results Combination Plan = 70% salary and 30% commission Short-term Incentives = Immediate cash rewards for performance Long-term Incentives = Rewards tied to stock options over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which commission plan alternative limits risk for the salesperson?

<p>Combination plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Annual bonuses are typically based solely on an employee's performance rating.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What incentive structure primarily motivates executives in decision-making?

<p>long-term incentives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of providing benefits to employees for employers?

<p>Improves employee retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Premiums for employee benefits are typically tax deductible as a corporate expense.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do employee benefits have on employee productivity?

<p>They improve productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees with personal life and disability insurance can enjoy additional protection including __________ in the event of serious illness or disability.

<p>income replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following employee benefits with their corresponding advantages:

<p>Health benefits = Peace of mind for employees Retirement plans = Long-term financial security Life insurance = Family protection Disability income = Income replacement during incapacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one interpretation of Article 4 of the New labor code?

<p>Doubts are resolved in favor of labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Offering innovative employee perks can lead to lower employee satisfaction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do organizations implement employee perks?

<p>To retain talented employees and promote a secure and balanced life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common reason organizations outsource services?

<p>To decentralize decision making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contractualization became widely used in the Philippines in the 80s and 90s.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the objectives of the total pay model.

<p>efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cost of service rendered by an employee in completing a task for the organization is referred to as _____.

<p>labor cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of employees with their descriptions:

<p>Core Employees = Strong long-term relationship Contingent Workers = Short, specific employment agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor to control in managing labor costs?

<p>Total compensation volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Controlling the number of employees hired and the hours worked is an effective approach to managing labor costs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is commonly outsourced to alleviate administrative burdens?

<p>payroll processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first step in the forecasting cycle?

<p>Instruct managers in compensation policies and techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A compa-ratio greater than 1 indicates that employees are paid less than the intended policy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two aspects of control on managers' pay decisions?

<p>Controls inherent in design and the formal budgeting process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The range maximum and minimum set the extreme amounts to be paid for __________ work.

<p>specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following segments with their corresponding definitions:

<p>Variable Pay = Must be re-earned each period Compa-Ratio = Relates pay to external competition Inherent Controls = Controls within the design of techniques Six Stage Process = Steps for effective communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons why pay information should be communicated to employees?

<p>It encourages productivity and effective performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monitoring budgeted versus actual increases is a final step in the forecasting cycle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first stage in the six-stage process of communication involve?

<p>Defining the objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Motivation Equation

Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence

Valence

The perceived value an employee attaches to a reward.

Expectancy

The belief that effort will lead to performance.

Instrumentality

The belief that performance will lead to a reward.

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Behavior Modification

Changing behavior through rewards or punishments.

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Piecework Plan

Pay based on the quantity of output.

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Individual Incentive Plans

Reward systems designed for individual performance.

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Pay influence on Labor Force

Pay systems attract different types of employees.

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Merit Pay Program

An incentive plan where salary increases are awarded based on employee performance; usually an annual increase.

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Merit Increase Grid

A table used to determine pay increases based on performance ratings and salary range position.

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Performance Rating

An assessment of an employee's work quality and effectiveness.

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Compa-ratio

An employee's current salary compared to the salary range for their position.

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Effective Appraisal Procedures

Procedures for evaluating employee performance that are fair, consistent, and well-structured.

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Short-Term Bonuses

One-time merit increases not added to the employee's base salary; usually annual.

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Piecework Quality Control Issues

Workers in a piecework plan might prioritize quantity over quality to maximize earnings.

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Straight Commission Plan

A sales compensation plan where pay is directly tied to sales results, with no base salary.

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Combination Plan

A sales compensation plan that combines salary and commission to balance risk for both employee and employer.

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Short-Term Incentives

Incentives designed to motivate managerial performance within a short time frame,usually annually.

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Long-Term Incentives

Incentives designed to motivate executives and promote long-term strategic decision-making.

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Annual Bonus

A common short-term incentive for managers based on performance during a specific period, usually a year.

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Commission Plan Alternatives

Various schemes to compensate sales staff that offer different approaches beyond just a straight commission plan.

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Sales Compensation

Methods of paying salespeople that vary. Can include salary, commission, or a combination.

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Incentive Mix

The proportion of base salary to incentive payments in a compensation plan, typically about 70% base salary and 30% incentive.

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Employee Benefits: Employer Advantage

By offering flexible and convenient benefits, companies can attract and keep talented employees.

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Employee Benefits: Financial Benefit

Providing employee benefits helps manage high-risk coverage at lower costs, easing the company's financial burden.

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Employee Benefits: Productivity Boost

Employee benefits, like health insurance and security, can improve productivity by reducing stress and improving employee well-being.

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Employee Benefits: Tax Deductible

Premiums for employee benefits are tax-deductible expenses for the company, saving them money.

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Employee Benefits: Employee Peace of Mind

Employee benefits, like insurance policies, provide employees with peace of mind, knowing their family is protected in case of emergencies.

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Employee Benefits: Additional Protection

Disability and life insurance provide employees with extra protection, including income replacement during serious illness or disability.

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Employee Benefits: Employer Pride

Employees feel proud of their employer when they are happy with the provided benefits.

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Employee Benefits: Legal Considerations

The law favors employees in interpreting labor code provisions, ensuring they receive the full benefits.

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Total Pay Model

A comprehensive approach to compensation that considers all forms of pay, including base salary, benefits, and variable pay.

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Labor Cost

The cost of employing workers, including salaries, benefits, and other expenses associated with their work.

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Managing Labor Costs

Strategies used to control the cost of employing workers, focusing on employment levels, employee hours, and compensation.

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Controlling Employment

Techniques for managing the number of employees and their work hours to control labor costs.

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Core Employees

Valuable employees with whom an organization wants to develop a long-term relationship.

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Contingent Workers

Employees hired for specific tasks or time periods, typically on temporary or contract arrangements.

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Outsourcing

Hiring external vendors to perform specific functions or tasks traditionally done internally.

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Decentralized Decision Making

Distributing decision-making authority across different levels of the organization.

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Bottom-up Budgeting

A budgeting method where individual employees' salary increases are projected and summed to create the organization's total salary budget.

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Variable Pay

Compensation that is dependent on an employee's performance in each period, meaning they need to re-earn it.

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Value-Adding Costs

Costs that directly contribute to the creation of value for customers or the business.

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Non-Value-Adding Costs

Costs that do not contribute to the value of a product or service, and could potentially be eliminated.

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Compensation as Communication

Pay practices and decisions communicate organizational priorities and values to employees.

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Communication Stages

A step-by-step process for effectively communicating compensation information to employees.

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Pay: Change Agent in Restructuring

Changes in compensation systems often accompany organizational restructuring to align pay practices with new business strategies.

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Study Notes

Employee Contributions and Paying For Contributions

  • Incentives are crucial in pay plans.
  • Frederick Taylor promoted financial rewards for exceeding predetermined job standards.
  • Taylor's three key contributions:
    • Establishing output standards for jobs.
    • Spearheading scientific management (improving work methods).
    • Popularizing incentive pay.
  • Motivation theories guide incentive plan design.
    • Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
      • Physiological (survival needs)
      • Safety
      • Social (belonging)
      • Esteem
      • Self-actualization (full potential)
      • Needs are satisfied in sequence, starting with lower-level needs.
    • Frederick Herzberg's Motivators:
      • Hygiene factors (satisfy lower-level needs: working conditions, salary, incentives)
      • Motivators (satisfy higher-level needs: challenging work, recognition)
    • Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory: Motivation depends on:
      • Expectancy (effort leads to performance)
      • Instrumentality (successful performance leads to rewards)
      • Valence (value of the reward)
      • Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
      • No motivation if any of these is zero.

Individual Employee Incentive and Recognition Programs

  • Piecework Plans: Pay based on quantity produced.
  • Merit Pay Programs: Salary increases based on performance.
  • Merit grids combine performance ratings and pay ranges to determine pay increases.
    • Performance ratings and compa-ratios (ratio of employee's pay to the average pay of all employees in a similar job position) influence pay raises.

Incentives for Sales People

  • Sales compensation often involves commissions.
  • Straight salaries can also be used.
  • Straight commission plans reward purely on sales output.
  • Combination plans typically combine salary and commission.
  • Many firms incentivize managers and executives through short-term incentives(like bonus) and long-term incentives (like stock options).

Team and Organization-Wide Incentives

  • Gain-sharing plans do not affect employees' salaries - sharing gains with employees
  • Scanlon Plan: an example of a gain-sharing plan, emphasizing cooperation, identity, competence and involvement system.
  • Group incentives are designed for smaller work teams.
  • Team awards are used for broader company outcomes.

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Description

Explore the concept of employee contributions and the importance of incentive pay in motivating workers. This quiz delves into key contributions by Frederick Taylor, various motivation theories, including Maslow's and Herzberg's, and their applications in pay plans. Test your understanding of how effective incentivescan enhance job performance.

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