Empathy and Prosocial Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What is the goal of prosocial behaviour?

To help another

What is altruism?

Helping without expectation of personal gain

What is kinship selection based on?

Genetic relatedness

Why might some individuals act altruistically even at great personal cost?

To ensure the survival of their genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary influence on helping behavior according to the text?

Evolutionary factors Signup and view all the answers

What does prosocial behavior aim to achieve?

Another's well-being Signup and view all the answers

What influences helping behavior according to the text?

Personality, religion, and evolutionary factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor influencing the frequency of helping in different cultures?

Economic productivity Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are mentioned as the most helpful?

Brazil, Costa Rica, Malawi, and India Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of larger cities in relation to helping behavior?

People are less helpful Signup and view all the answers

How do individualistic cultures view reciprocity?

As a matter of personal choice Signup and view all the answers

What influences prosocial behavior in collectivistic cultures?

Reciprocity of helping Signup and view all the answers

What do toddlers learn to help others based on?

Emphasis on empathy and social responsibility by parents Signup and view all the answers

What do collectivistic cultures view reciprocity as?

A moral imperative Signup and view all the answers

What influences the rates of helping in different cultures?

Different cultural norms for helping Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people from collectivistic cultures regarding seeking help?

Less likely to seek help and therefore less likely to receive it Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the empathy-altruism model and negative-state relief hypothesis?

The primary motivation for helping Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation for helping in the egoistic model?

Desire to make oneself feel better Signup and view all the answers

What are the social norms that influence helping behavior?

Norm of reciprocity and norm of social responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a strong predictor of helping behavior within the same cultural group?

Empathy Signup and view all the answers

What benefits to the self include reduction of aversive arousal, fear of punishment for not helping, and desire for reward?

Benefits from helping Signup and view all the answers

What influences the likelihood of receiving help?

Similarity, friendship, and communal relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is a strong predictor of long-term helping?

Helping motivated by empathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the motivation to help others in expectation of receiving help in return?

Reciprocal altruism Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait influences the frequency and types of helping behavior?

Empathy Signup and view all the answers

What does the empathy-altruism hypothesis offer a perspective on?

Existence of pure altruism Signup and view all the answers

What can influence the likelihood of prosocial behavior based on the text?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to increased prosocial behavior depending on the individual's internal values?

Good mood and bad mood Signup and view all the answers

What does the decision-making process model describe the impact of?

Arousal and cost-benefit calculations on helping behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Affecting Prosocial Behavior

Reciprocal altruism motivates people to help others in expectation of receiving help in return
Personality traits like empathy and moral reasoning influence the frequency and types of helping behavior
Religion can influence prosocial behavior, with some teachings emphasizing cooperation and altruism
Situational factors such as mood, modeling, and environmental cues can influence helping behavior
Decision-making process model describes how emergencies and lack of experience can impact helping behavior
Arousal/cost-reward model explains that physiological arousal and cost-benefit calculations influence altruistic behavior
Personal costs and benefits of prosocial behavior can impact the likelihood of helping
Good mood and bad mood can both lead to increased prosocial behavior, depending on the individual's internal values
Modelling of altruistic behavior can either increase or decrease helping, depending on the context
Environmental factors, such as location of emergency, can influence the likelihood of prosocial behavior
The empathy-altruism hypothesis and negative-state relief hypothesis offer different perspectives on the existence of pure altruism
Participants scoring high on empathic concern are more likely to behave prosocially for altruistic reasons