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Emerging Therapies for Arrhythmias

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of most new drugs in development, according to the text?

Aiming to replace all existing drugs

Targeting specific ion channels or cellular components (correct)

Aiming to treat all cardiovascular diseases simultaneously

Focusing on broad-spectrum effects like class I-IV Vaughan Williams drugs

How do emerging therapies aim to make rhythm control a realistic option for a broad range of arrhythmias?

By increasing non-specific effects

By replicating the actions of class I-IV Vaughan Williams drugs

By targeting multiple ion channels simultaneously

By being more selective and less proarrhythmic (correct)

What revolutionary approach to specific arrhythmia types has been made possible by understanding the molecular basis of arrhythmias?

Targeting nonspecific cellular components

Gene therapy for modulating ion channel function (correct)

Surgery as the primary treatment option

Increased use of class I-IV Vaughan Williams drugs

Which emerging therapy shows potential in treating arrhythmia pathologies, especially in tachycardia syndromes?

Cell-based therapy with stem cell transplantation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What has made it challenging to develop and market new antiarrhythmic drugs, as mentioned in the text?

The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) and drug proarrhythmic effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has raised hopes for treating cardiac ion channelopathies through gene therapy, as per the text?

The development of an ion channel gene transfer therapy for cystic fibrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of pharmacogenomics in the context of drug therapy?

To individualize drug therapy based on genetic determinants (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does gene therapy differ from cell-based therapy in treating arrhythmias?

Gene therapy corrects abnormalities by inserting genes, while cell-based therapy involves transplanting normal cells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is highlighted as being responsible for the phase I metabolism of most drugs?

CYP2D6 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 require only half the standard dose of flecainide?

They have a slower clearance rate of the drug. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of genotype information in relation to antiarrhythmic drug therapy?

Guiding dosing requirements based on genetic factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does cell-based therapy aim to cure arrhythmias?

By targeting underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms (C) Signup and view all the answers