Questions and Answers
What version of C# is mentioned in the content?
C# 8.0
What is the primary focus of the book by Zhong, X. in 2015?
Development and Application of Offline Learning System in College Teaching
Which publication discusses Emerging Technologies for Economic Development?
Emerging Technologies for Economic Development (Science, Technology and Innovation Studies)
What is the complete title of the guide by Blokdyk, G. on software development?
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What type of methodologies is discussed in the Phoenixnap article?
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Which university's main campus is mentioned in the content?
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What is the main subject of the book by Percival, H. and Gregory, B. published in 2020?
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Who authored the 'Agile Model-Based Systems Engineering Cookbook'?
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What document can be retrieved from SystemModelingAndAnalysisBook.pdf?
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What year was the guide by Langer, A.M. published?
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What does these emerging technologies bring to our daily living?
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Which of the emerging technologies gives you the most interest? And why?
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In your own opinion, how can wearables affect our lives?
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If you would be given a chance to innovate, what technology would you like to develop? And why?
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What is the primary purpose of real-time translation technology?
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence.
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A blockchain collects information in groups known as ______.
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What are integrated sensors designed to do?
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Which of the following technologies is associated with monitoring heart activity and other bodily signals?
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Electric vehicles only use solar panels for power.
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In what field might your technology be helpful?
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What is SDLC?
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Which of the following are phases of the Software Development Life Cycle?
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What is the purpose of SDLC?
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Define the difference between Waterfall and Agile.
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What are the different types of software prototyping?
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The Agile model was designed by developers to prioritize customer needs.
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The Big Bang model follows a specific process.
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Which of the following are methodologies of the Software Development Life Cycle?
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What is Continuous Integration?
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Software Prototyping refers to building __________ prototypes which display the functionality of the product under development.
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What are the key components recommended for all software development projects?
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What can students understand after completing this chapter?
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What does emerging technology (ET) refer to?
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Which technologies are currently emerging?
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The first Industrial Revolution began in the early 1900s.
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The technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society through __________.
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What was a major change during the Industrial Revolution?
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What are the four types of industries?
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Match the following types of Industrial Revolutions with their descriptions:
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What role does data play in emerging technologies?
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Human-machine interaction is also known as Human-Computer Interaction (HCI).
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Which of the following is NOT considered an emerging technology?
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What is the significance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
- Emergent Technologies (ET) refer to new technologies or advancements in existing technologies expected to develop significantly within 5-10 years.
- The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a transformative period characterized by advanced technologies and increased automation.
- Course objectives include understanding the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technology development for socio-economic impact, web and mobile development, and Application Programming Interface (API) standards.
Evolution of Technologies
- ET encompasses technologies leading to substantial social or economic changes.
- The term "technology" originates from the Greek "tekhnologia," implying systematic treatment of arts or techniques.
- "Evolution" derives from Latin "evolutio," meaning development through gradual changes.
Current Emerging Technologies
- Key technologies include:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Blockchain
- Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
- Cloud Computing
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Big Data
- Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
Industrial Revolution Overview
- The Industrial Revolution involves a major shift from hand production to mechanized manufacturing, beginning in the late 1700s in England.
- Key advancements enhance productivity through innovations like the steam engine and electric power.
- Each Industrial Revolution has shaped modern society through technological breakthroughs including:
- First IR: Mechanization with steam power
- Second IR: Mass production and assembly lines
- Third IR: Transition to digital technologies
Historical Background of Industrial Revolutions
- The first IR started in the 1760s in Great Britain, followed by industrialization in Belgium, France, and Germany.
- The second IR (1870s) featured interchangeable parts and electrical innovations, improving communication and manufacturing.
- The third IR (Digital Revolution) began in the late 1950s, leading to widespread use of computers and the Internet.
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
- Coined by Klaus Schwab in 2016, characterized by advanced technologies such as:
- Robotics
- IoT
- Cyber-physical systems
- Examples include AI-driven autonomous vehicles and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
Role of Data in Emerging Technologies
- Data is considered a strategic asset, described as the "new oil" in the age of big data.
- It influences advancements in scientific discovery, technology, and economic development, creating new opportunities and innovations.
- Data-driven theory and economy recognize the importance of analytics across various fields, from computing to healthcare.
Enabling Devices and Networks
- Key types of programmable devices:
- Memory
- Microprocessors
- Logic devices
- Networks such as the Internet for data sharing
- Programmable devices often include Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and others used in digital electronics.
Human to Machine Interaction
- Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) refers to how users interact with machines using interfaces, emphasizing user-friendliness.
- Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) studies user experience and interface design, improving usability and efficiency.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
- Emerging trends projected for 2019 and beyond include:
- 5G Networks
- AI-generated content
- Quantum Computing
- Autonomous Devices
- Augmented Reality in Retail
- Biotechnology in Agriculture
- Technological advancements like chatbots, AR, and AI are integrating into daily life, influencing various sectors.
Application Development
- Defined as designing, building, and implementing software applications, it can range from large organizational projects to freelance developments.
- Application development follows a structured methodology to create functional applications.### Definition and Scope of Emerging Technology
- Refers to new technologies or the ongoing development of existing ones across various fields such as media, business, science, and education.
- Typically encompasses technologies in development or expected within 5-10 years that significantly impact society or the economy.
Importance of Understanding Emerging Technologies
- Essential for individuals in various roles (CEOs, managers, employees, entrepreneurs) to keep abreast of technological advancements for business growth.
- Staying informed helps deliver custom software solutions tailored to customer needs.
Top 9 Emerging Technologies
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Simulates human intelligence processes, including learning and reasoning. Enhances business processes and software capabilities.
- Automation: Controls processes or systems with minimal human involvement, replicating tasks like writing and driving. Applicable in graphic design, agriculture, and marketing.
- Robotization: Automates complex, repetitive tasks using machines. Significant in agriculture, where robots assist with weed control and harvesting.
- 3-D Printing: Creates solid objects from digital files. Retail explores personalized production through this technology.
- Cryptocurrencies: Digital currency regulated by encryption techniques, functioning independent of central banks. Growing acceptance necessitates technology for transactions.
- Internet of Things (IoT): Connects devices for data streaming and analysis, enhancing decision-making and operational efficiency.
- Voice Recognition: Advances usability in software development as companies integrate voice capabilities into applications, improving user experiences.
- Autonomous Vehicles: Robotic vehicles designed for navigation without human input. Opens new markets for software development.
- Drones: Unmanned aircraft used for various applications, including delivery services, impacting industries and facilitating software project goals.
Additional Emerging Technologies
- Wearables and Implanted Technology: Monitors health parameters remotely or automatically.
- Real-time Language Translators: Translate spoken content instantly, using AI and machine learning for contextual understanding.
- Home Automation, Natural-Language Processing, Virtual and Augmented Reality: Enhance user experience and interaction with technology.
- Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, and Quantum Computing: Drive innovation across various sectors.
Wearable & Implantable Technologies
- Monitor health parameters and deliver data for disease management, offering improved patient compliance.
- Examples include Medtronic’s cardiac monitors and innovative solutions for Parkinson’s symptom tracking.
Real-time Language Translation
- Translates spoken content directly from one language to another using AI technology. Enhances communication between speakers of different languages.
- Examples of hardware include Google’s Pixel Buds and Waverley Lab's language earpiece system, facilitating real-time translation in conversations.### Emerging Translation Devices
- Devices like Translate One2One and iTranslate are designed for real-time translation, with capabilities in over 40 languages.
- Bragi's Dash Pro offers translation features along with traditional headset functionalities.
- Apple's Siri will support translations in Mandarin, U.S. English, French, Italian, Spanish, and German.
Home Automation
- Home automation allows control of home devices remotely via mobile devices, enhancing convenience and security.
- It includes devices like thermostats, lighting, appliances, doors, and security systems linked to a central network.
- Typically reserved for commercial buildings, advanced home automation connects more devices efficiently through Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
- Smart devices optimize energy use and savings; thermostats can be programmed for efficiency based on occupancy patterns.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- NLP enables computers to understand and process human language, transforming voice and text inputs into meaningful actions.
- It integrates computational linguistics with statistical techniques, allowing interpretation of intent and sentiment.
Integrated Sensors
- Integrated sensors are compact devices that combine sensing with signal processing to gather crucial data efficiently.
- Their design allows for immediate signal processing without extensive setup, simplifying deployment.
Virtual Reality (VR)
- VR creates immersive environments that simulate real or fantastical experiences using computer programming.
- Examples include experiences akin to viewing art or listening to music, prompting imaginative visualizations.
Augmented Reality (AR)
- AR enhances reality by overlaying digital data onto real-world settings, useful in gaming and military applications.
- Historically used in HUDs, AR displays real-time relevant information alongside observational data.
Mesh Networks
- Mesh networks create multiple pathways for data communication among connected devices, increasing resilience against failures.
- They can span large areas using numerous wireless nodes, ensuring reliable connectivity.
Big Data Analytics
- Involves analyzing vast amounts of diverse data using advanced methods to extract insights not possible with traditional databases.
- Four key types include:
- Descriptive Analytics: Summarizes past data.
- Diagnostic Analytics: Identifies root causes of problems.
- Predictive Analytics: Uses historical data to forecast future trends.
- Prescriptive Analytics: Suggests actions based on data-driven insights.
Mobile Money
- Mobile money services allow users to conduct financial transactions via mobile devices, acting like a bank account for the unbanked.
- These services facilitate deposits, withdrawals, and payments for goods and services digitally.
Solar Power
- Solar power converts sunlight into renewable energy, using photovoltaic systems or concentrated solar power technology.
- Systems may employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight for electricity generation.
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
- EVs use electric motors for propulsion, powered by batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells.
- They encompass a range of transport including land vehicles and aircraft.
Next-Generation Batteries
- Lithium-sulfur batteries show promise for future batteries, offering longer performance than current lithium-ion technology, though longevity remains a challenge.
Machine Learning
- A subset of AI focused on data and algorithms that improve over time to emulate human learning.
- Three primary types include:
- Supervised learning: Uses labeled data to inform algorithms.
- Unsupervised learning: Identifies patterns in unlabeled data.
- Semi-supervised learning: Combines both labeled and unlabeled data for more effective training.
Blockchain
- A decentralized digital database that securely records transactions without the need for centralized authority.
- Each transaction is grouped into blocks, ensuring security and trust.
Quantum Computing
- Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to process data, offering speed and efficiency for specific computational problems compared to classical computers.
Intelligence Augmentation (IA)
- IA refers to using technology to enhance human cognitive abilities rather than replace them.
- It emphasizes improving decision-making and human intelligence through collaborative AI systems.
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Description
This chapter introduces the concepts of the 4th Industrial Revolution, evolution of technologies, role of data, enabling devices, human-machine interaction, and future trends in emerging technologies.
