Podcast
Questions and Answers
What methodology did ASTM employ in 1908 to advance fire safety standards?
What methodology did ASTM employ in 1908 to advance fire safety standards?
- Creating a new type of firefighting equipment.
- Developing fuel-limited fire observations.
- Implementing ventilation-limited fire practices.
- Conducting full-scale fire experiments. (correct)
Which of the following conditions is essential to delay flashover in a fire?
Which of the following conditions is essential to delay flashover in a fire?
- Controlling the access door to limit air flow. (correct)
- Utilizing vertical ventilation techniques.
- Completely sealing the fire room.
- Increasing the size of ventilation openings.
What characterizes modern fires compared to older fuel-limited fires?
What characterizes modern fires compared to older fuel-limited fires?
- Presence of more smoke and less heat generation.
- Dependence on increased compartmentalization.
- Heavy reliance on available fuels for combustion.
- Transitioning from ventilation-limited conditions. (correct)
What factor contributes to increased risk for firefighters working in flow paths during a fire?
What factor contributes to increased risk for firefighters working in flow paths during a fire?
Which of the following modern factors has NOT significantly changed the dynamics of fire in single-family dwellings?
Which of the following modern factors has NOT significantly changed the dynamics of fire in single-family dwellings?
What is the recommended initial action to transition a fire from being ventilation-limited to fuel-limited?
What is the recommended initial action to transition a fire from being ventilation-limited to fuel-limited?
How does the geometric design of modern homes affect fire behavior?
How does the geometric design of modern homes affect fire behavior?
What was a significant finding reported by UL regarding modern single-family dwelling fires?
What was a significant finding reported by UL regarding modern single-family dwelling fires?
What is one of the initial responsibilities of the incident commander at the scene of an incident?
What is one of the initial responsibilities of the incident commander at the scene of an incident?
Which role must the acting company officer fulfill during fire suppression efforts?
Which role must the acting company officer fulfill during fire suppression efforts?
What must be established as part of the size-up and initial actions by the incident commander?
What must be established as part of the size-up and initial actions by the incident commander?
What is essential for maintaining firefighter accountability during an incident?
What is essential for maintaining firefighter accountability during an incident?
Which function remains the responsibility of the initial incident commander when the incident becomes fully operational?
Which function remains the responsibility of the initial incident commander when the incident becomes fully operational?
What is one of the functions of command after assessing the incident?
What is one of the functions of command after assessing the incident?
What must the initial incident commander identify when establishing the command structure?
What must the initial incident commander identify when establishing the command structure?
Which factor may require deviation from standard operating procedures during an incident?
Which factor may require deviation from standard operating procedures during an incident?
What is the primary purpose of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in incident management?
What is the primary purpose of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in incident management?
Which incident priority is ranked highest according to the provided content?
Which incident priority is ranked highest according to the provided content?
In the tactical priorities RECEO-VS, what does the 'O' stand for?
In the tactical priorities RECEO-VS, what does the 'O' stand for?
Which action is NOT part of the S.L.I.C.E.-R.S. framework?
Which action is NOT part of the S.L.I.C.E.-R.S. framework?
What does the 'C' in the tactical priorities RECEO-VS represent?
What does the 'C' in the tactical priorities RECEO-VS represent?
Which two priorities are often addressed simultaneously in incident management?
Which two priorities are often addressed simultaneously in incident management?
What is essential for the first-arriving officer to obtain at an incident scene?
What is essential for the first-arriving officer to obtain at an incident scene?
Why is controlling the flow path crucial during ventilation-limited fires?
Why is controlling the flow path crucial during ventilation-limited fires?
What should be the primary objective when applying water to cool a fire?
What should be the primary objective when applying water to cool a fire?
Which factor is most critical for an officer when deciding on water deployment?
Which factor is most critical for an officer when deciding on water deployment?
When conducting a rescue operation, which analysis is crucial for decision-making?
When conducting a rescue operation, which analysis is crucial for decision-making?
How are the sides of a building designated for firefighting operations?
How are the sides of a building designated for firefighting operations?
What critical step must be taken after the fire is controlled?
What critical step must be taken after the fire is controlled?
Which method is recommended to control fire spread and smoke during firefighting?
Which method is recommended to control fire spread and smoke during firefighting?
What is the primary purpose of designating divisions within a building during firefighting operations?
What is the primary purpose of designating divisions within a building during firefighting operations?
What must the first-arriving officer evaluate when prioritizing suppression activities and occupant removal?
What must the first-arriving officer evaluate when prioritizing suppression activities and occupant removal?
What is one role the new Incident Commander (IC) can assign to the previous IC after the transfer of command?
What is one role the new Incident Commander (IC) can assign to the previous IC after the transfer of command?
Which of the following accurately describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
Which of the following accurately describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
What is the responsibility of the first-arriving fire officer at an incident?
What is the responsibility of the first-arriving fire officer at an incident?
What are the three strategic priorities the IC is responsible for addressing?
What are the three strategic priorities the IC is responsible for addressing?
Which of the following is NOT one of the nine functions of command?
Which of the following is NOT one of the nine functions of command?
How does the size and complexity of an incident affect the management structure?
How does the size and complexity of an incident affect the management structure?
What levels of command exist in the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What levels of command exist in the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What is a key responsibility of the first-arriving managing and supervising fire officers?
What is a key responsibility of the first-arriving managing and supervising fire officers?
What is a fire officer expected to do as a first-arriving officer?
What is a fire officer expected to do as a first-arriving officer?
What does assuming initial command of an incident include?
What does assuming initial command of an incident include?
Why was FIRESCOPE developed?
Why was FIRESCOPE developed?
What is the focus of the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system?
What is the focus of the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system?
NIMS was established to merge California's FIRESCOPE and which other system?
NIMS was established to merge California's FIRESCOPE and which other system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
What is one of the main requirements for local emergency response agencies to be eligible for federal disaster assistance?
What is one of the main requirements for local emergency response agencies to be eligible for federal disaster assistance?
Which of the following is a component of NIMS?
Which of the following is a component of NIMS?
What are the three levels of command in ICS?
What are the three levels of command in ICS?
What is the focus of the strategic level of command?
What is the focus of the strategic level of command?
What is the primary function of the tactical level of command?
What is the primary function of the tactical level of command?
Who typically carries out activities at the task level of command?
Who typically carries out activities at the task level of command?
What is the expectation for every officer within ICS?
What is the expectation for every officer within ICS?
Which position is always filled within the Incident Command System (ICS)?
Which position is always filled within the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What does managing an incident require?
What does managing an incident require?
What happens when the recommended span of control for emergency operations is exceeded?
What happens when the recommended span of control for emergency operations is exceeded?
Upon arrival at an emergency, what level should the first-arriving officer focus on?
Upon arrival at an emergency, what level should the first-arriving officer focus on?
What are the three strategic priorities of command at an incident?
What are the three strategic priorities of command at an incident?
What does activating the command process include?
What does activating the command process include?
What should the initial radio during the establishing command include?
What should the initial radio during the establishing command include?
How is the initial operational mode determined?
How is the initial operational mode determined?
What happens when a first-arriving company is in investigation mode?
What happens when a first-arriving company is in investigation mode?
When does the attack end in fast-attack?
When does the attack end in fast-attack?
What is the priority during the command mode?
What is the priority during the command mode?
What is the purpose of the tactical worksheet during command mode?
What is the purpose of the tactical worksheet during command mode?
What is the role of the rest of the company in command mode?
What is the role of the rest of the company in command mode?
Which of the following is one of the immediate command functions?
Which of the following is one of the immediate command functions?
What standards must fire departments comply with regarding firefighter safety in an IDLH atmosphere?
What standards must fire departments comply with regarding firefighter safety in an IDLH atmosphere?
What is the minimum number of firefighters that must enter an IDLH area together?
What is the minimum number of firefighters that must enter an IDLH area together?
What does the two-in/two-out rule evolve into?
What does the two-in/two-out rule evolve into?
What is a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)?
What is a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)?
For PAR check, each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present and
For PAR check, each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present and
When should a PAR be requested, according to the content?
When should a PAR be requested, according to the content?
According to this chapter, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?
According to this chapter, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?
What can fire officers manage risks with?
What can fire officers manage risks with?
When is there no justification for risking the lives of firefighters?
When is there no justification for risking the lives of firefighters?
What primarily drives officer's most training, operations, and structure?
What primarily drives officer's most training, operations, and structure?
When are defensive strategies typically conducted from?
When are defensive strategies typically conducted from?
What does a transitional strategy involve?
What does a transitional strategy involve?
UL report revealed applying limited water through an open window or door may?
UL report revealed applying limited water through an open window or door may?
Size-up is a systematic process of ?
Size-up is a systematic process of ?
What should SOPs guide an officer to do?
What should SOPs guide an officer to do?
According to the content, vigorous churning dark smoke means ?
According to the content, vigorous churning dark smoke means ?
What did Lloyd Layman author?
What did Lloyd Layman author?
What initial action should be taken by new IC after transfer of command?
What initial action should be taken by new IC after transfer of command?
What are fire officers expected to do at every incident?
What are fire officers expected to do at every incident?
Which of the following is a responsibility of the first-arriving officer?
Which of the following is a responsibility of the first-arriving officer?
Besides assuming initial command, what else is the first arriving officer responsible for?
Besides assuming initial command, what else is the first arriving officer responsible for?
At every incident, the first arriving officer need to follow which of the following?
At every incident, the first arriving officer need to follow which of the following?
In addition to performing the duties of first-arriving officer, what must the Fire officer be competent at?
In addition to performing the duties of first-arriving officer, what must the Fire officer be competent at?
Beyond assuming initial command, what other role might a fire officer fulfill within ICS?
Beyond assuming initial command, what other role might a fire officer fulfill within ICS?
FIRESCOPE was designed to solve what problem?
FIRESCOPE was designed to solve what problem?
What capability did FIRESCOPE give fire departments?
What capability did FIRESCOPE give fire departments?
What type of emergencies was Fire Ground Command (FGC) designed for?
What type of emergencies was Fire Ground Command (FGC) designed for?
What was the purpose of establishing NIMSC?
What was the purpose of establishing NIMSC?
What is NIMSC also known as?
What is NIMSC also known as?
What standard does NIMSC comply with?
What standard does NIMSC comply with?
NIMS provides a framework for incident management that is...
NIMS provides a framework for incident management that is...
Regardless of the incident, NIMS can be used, except for what?
Regardless of the incident, NIMS can be used, except for what?
What is the purpose of FEMA providing introductory ICS courses?
What is the purpose of FEMA providing introductory ICS courses?
For local entities to be eligible for federal disaster assistance, they need to...
For local entities to be eligible for federal disaster assistance, they need to...
For ICS training, it is recommended to always ensure what?
For ICS training, it is recommended to always ensure what?
How often should ICS courses be taken?
How often should ICS courses be taken?
NIMS has five components, what are they?
NIMS has five components, what are they?
How many levels of command are there in ICS?
How many levels of command are there in ICS?
Which level of command involves actions required to achieve tactical objectives?
Which level of command involves actions required to achieve tactical objectives?
What position is always filled within ICS?
What position is always filled within ICS?
How many individuals are in the the recommended span of control for emergency operations?
How many individuals are in the the recommended span of control for emergency operations?
During the initial radio report, what must be included?
During the initial radio report, what must be included?
During an initial radio report, what must be included when describing the incident?
During an initial radio report, what must be included when describing the incident?
When initiating command mode, personal involvement in tactical operations are?
When initiating command mode, personal involvement in tactical operations are?
Which of the following is part of immediate command functions?
Which of the following is part of immediate command functions?
What is the minimum number of firefighters required to enter an IDLH area?
What is the minimum number of firefighters required to enter an IDLH area?
Each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present during which type of event?
Each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present during which type of event?
When must a PAR be performed?
When must a PAR be performed?
According to the content, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?
According to the content, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?
Offensive strategies consists of what?
Offensive strategies consists of what?
Defensive strategies are typically conducted from?
Defensive strategies are typically conducted from?
Transitional strategy involves what?
Transitional strategy involves what?
According to IAFC Rules of Engagement it is not appropriate to put firefighter lives at risk for what?
According to IAFC Rules of Engagement it is not appropriate to put firefighter lives at risk for what?
According to the material, sizeup is a what?
According to the material, sizeup is a what?
According to provided content, churning dark smoke means?
According to provided content, churning dark smoke means?
What are the three levels of command within the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What are the three levels of command within the Incident Command System (ICS)?
Who is responsible for addressing life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation at an incident?
Who is responsible for addressing life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation at an incident?
Which of the following is a component of the initial radio report?
Which of the following is a component of the initial radio report?
The Incident Commander (IC) uses RECEO-VS as an acronym for what purpose?
The Incident Commander (IC) uses RECEO-VS as an acronym for what purpose?
Which NFPA standard references fire fighter accountability?
Which NFPA standard references fire fighter accountability?
What is the primary goal of 'cooling the space' in the S.L.I.C.E-R.S acronym?
What is the primary goal of 'cooling the space' in the S.L.I.C.E-R.S acronym?
What should SOPs guide an officer to do during on-scene observations?
What should SOPs guide an officer to do during on-scene observations?
Upon arriving at an emergency, the first-arriving officer should focus on which level of command?
Upon arriving at an emergency, the first-arriving officer should focus on which level of command?
When operating in 'investigation mode', what is the responsibility of other units assigned?
When operating in 'investigation mode', what is the responsibility of other units assigned?
The fire officer can manage risks with which of the following?
The fire officer can manage risks with which of the following?
Which system, developed in Southern California, contributed to the evolution of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
Which system, developed in Southern California, contributed to the evolution of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?
During command mode, what is more important than the personal involvement in tactical operations?
During command mode, what is more important than the personal involvement in tactical operations?
What does a systematic Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) provide at an emergency incident?
What does a systematic Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) provide at an emergency incident?
If unusual or unplanned events occur at an incident, what action should be taken?
If unusual or unplanned events occur at an incident, what action should be taken?
What does the initial radio report include?
What does the initial radio report include?
Approximately how long does it take to complete an ICS course?
Approximately how long does it take to complete an ICS course?
Are ICS courses typically offered at a cost?
Are ICS courses typically offered at a cost?
What is a key benefit of NIMS compliance for local emergency response agencies?
What is a key benefit of NIMS compliance for local emergency response agencies?
What is a primary focus of the 'strategic' level of command within ICS?
What is a primary focus of the 'strategic' level of command within ICS?
Who typically performs activities at the 'task' level within the Incident Command System?
Who typically performs activities at the 'task' level within the Incident Command System?
What is the primary function of the 'tactical' level of command in ICS?
What is the primary function of the 'tactical' level of command in ICS?
What does NIMS provide for incident management?
What does NIMS provide for incident management?
What is the significance of the acronym S.L.I.C.E-R.S.?
What is the significance of the acronym S.L.I.C.E-R.S.?
What is the primary function of Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS)?
What is the primary function of Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS)?
Which NIMS component facilitates communication and information sharing during incident operations?
Which NIMS component facilitates communication and information sharing during incident operations?
What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What is a key feature of the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What is a key feature of the Incident Command System (ICS)?
What is the purpose of the NIMS Integration Center?
What is the purpose of the NIMS Integration Center?
Which of the following is a typical function of the Operations Section within ICS?
Which of the following is a typical function of the Operations Section within ICS?
What does the 'unity of command' principle in ICS ensure?
What does the 'unity of command' principle in ICS ensure?
Which section within ICS is responsible for tracking and acquiring resources?
Which section within ICS is responsible for tracking and acquiring resources?
What is a key purpose of an Incident Action Plan (IAP)?
What is a key purpose of an Incident Action Plan (IAP)?
Which of the following describes the concept of 'span of control' in ICS?
Which of the following describes the concept of 'span of control' in ICS?
How does the integration of public information officers into the Incident Command System (ICS) enhance community relations during a crisis?
How does the integration of public information officers into the Incident Command System (ICS) enhance community relations during a crisis?
What strategic advantage does utilizing the ICS 702 form provide to incident commanders during complex, multi-agency operations?
What strategic advantage does utilizing the ICS 702 form provide to incident commanders during complex, multi-agency operations?
In what way does the establishment of a Joint Information Center (JIC) during a large-scale emergency facilitate effective communication between various responding agencies and the public?
In what way does the establishment of a Joint Information Center (JIC) during a large-scale emergency facilitate effective communication between various responding agencies and the public?
How can an Incident Commander (IC) leverage social media platforms within the framework of ICS to proactively manage public perception and counter misinformation during an evolving crisis?
How can an Incident Commander (IC) leverage social media platforms within the framework of ICS to proactively manage public perception and counter misinformation during an evolving crisis?
What advanced communication strategy could an Incident Commander employ to effectively address community-specific needs and cultural sensitivities when disseminating critical information during a disaster?
What advanced communication strategy could an Incident Commander employ to effectively address community-specific needs and cultural sensitivities when disseminating critical information during a disaster?
During a prolonged incident, how does the consistent application of the ICS 702 form improve the efficiency of resource management and prevent operational bottlenecks?
During a prolonged incident, how does the consistent application of the ICS 702 form improve the efficiency of resource management and prevent operational bottlenecks?
In a multi-jurisdictional incident, how does the Incident Command System (ICS) ensure that all participating agencies maintain situational awareness and operate under a unified strategy, despite differing organizational protocols?
In a multi-jurisdictional incident, how does the Incident Command System (ICS) ensure that all participating agencies maintain situational awareness and operate under a unified strategy, despite differing organizational protocols?
How can the Incident Commander optimize the use of the ICS 702 form to track and manage the deployment of specialized resources, such as hazardous materials teams or urban search and rescue units, during a complex emergency?
How can the Incident Commander optimize the use of the ICS 702 form to track and manage the deployment of specialized resources, such as hazardous materials teams or urban search and rescue units, during a complex emergency?
What is the most effective strategy for an Incident Commander to communicate complex, technical information to the general public during a hazardous materials incident, ensuring both understanding and compliance with safety directives?
What is the most effective strategy for an Incident Commander to communicate complex, technical information to the general public during a hazardous materials incident, ensuring both understanding and compliance with safety directives?
How does the Incident Commander utilize the ICS 702 form to facilitate a seamless transition during a change of command, particularly in terms of maintaining continuity of operations and situational awareness?
How does the Incident Commander utilize the ICS 702 form to facilitate a seamless transition during a change of command, particularly in terms of maintaining continuity of operations and situational awareness?
What is a significant factor in size-up?
What is a significant factor in size-up?
On what is the incident commander responsible for focusing
On what is the incident commander responsible for focusing
What is always filled within ICS?
What is always filled within ICS?
What is the focus of managing an emergency incident?
What is the focus of managing an emergency incident?
What should be part of the initial radio report?
What should be part of the initial radio report?
Approximately how many firefighters died in the line of duty in 2018?
Approximately how many firefighters died in the line of duty in 2018?
What percentage of deaths among firefighters attributed to stress, overexertion, and medical issues are specifically cardiac-related?
What percentage of deaths among firefighters attributed to stress, overexertion, and medical issues are specifically cardiac-related?
Besides cardiac events, what is the secondary primary cause for firefighter deaths, based on proportion of deaths?
Besides cardiac events, what is the secondary primary cause for firefighter deaths, based on proportion of deaths?
In the broader spectrum of firefighter fatalities, if 12 deaths were attributed to vehicle accidents in 2018, what specific circumstance led to the majority of these incidents?
In the broader spectrum of firefighter fatalities, if 12 deaths were attributed to vehicle accidents in 2018, what specific circumstance led to the majority of these incidents?
Considering that the largest share of firefighter deaths results from stress, overexertion, and medical issues, how can incident commanders strategically mitigate these risks during prolonged operations?
Considering that the largest share of firefighter deaths results from stress, overexertion, and medical issues, how can incident commanders strategically mitigate these risks during prolonged operations?
Given that cardiac events constitute $89%$ of deaths related to stress, overexertion, and medical issues among firefighters, what proactive measures should departments implement to reduce these incidents?
Given that cardiac events constitute $89%$ of deaths related to stress, overexertion, and medical issues among firefighters, what proactive measures should departments implement to reduce these incidents?
If a fire department aims to reduce vehicle accident fatalities among its personnel, what specific training component should be emphasized to address the circumstances leading to the majority of these incidents?
If a fire department aims to reduce vehicle accident fatalities among its personnel, what specific training component should be emphasized to address the circumstances leading to the majority of these incidents?
Considering the statistic that the largest percentage of firefighter deaths are cardiac related, how can departments enhance their rapid intervention team (RIT) capabilities to effectively respond to medical emergencies on the fireground?
Considering the statistic that the largest percentage of firefighter deaths are cardiac related, how can departments enhance their rapid intervention team (RIT) capabilities to effectively respond to medical emergencies on the fireground?
In light of the high incidence of vehicle accidents during responses and returns, what policy changes could a fire department implement to mitigate risks associated with fatigue and stress on personnel operating emergency vehicles?
In light of the high incidence of vehicle accidents during responses and returns, what policy changes could a fire department implement to mitigate risks associated with fatigue and stress on personnel operating emergency vehicles?
Given that the majority of vehicle-related firefighter deaths occur while responding to or returning from incidents, what technological solutions could departments adopt to enhance situational awareness and reduce the likelihood of accidents during these high-risk periods?
Given that the majority of vehicle-related firefighter deaths occur while responding to or returning from incidents, what technological solutions could departments adopt to enhance situational awareness and reduce the likelihood of accidents during these high-risk periods?
Considering the prominence of cardiac events in firefighter fatalities, how can fire departments collaborate with local healthcare providers to develop targeted interventions that improve the long-term cardiovascular health of their personnel?
Considering the prominence of cardiac events in firefighter fatalities, how can fire departments collaborate with local healthcare providers to develop targeted interventions that improve the long-term cardiovascular health of their personnel?
Flashcards
Size-Up
Size-Up
The process of gathering and analyzing information to develop the Incident Action Plan (IAP), focusing on life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.
Flow Path
Flow Path
A designated area within an incident where fire, heat, and smoke travel easily, increasing risk for firefighters.
Ventilation
Ventilation
The process of removing smoke, heat, and gases from a building to improve visibility and control fire spread.
Ventilation Control
Ventilation Control
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Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Incident Action Plan (IAP)
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Effective Water Application
Effective Water Application
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Overhaul
Overhaul
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Incident Command System (ICS)
Incident Command System (ICS)
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Safety Officer
Safety Officer
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RECEO-VS
RECEO-VS
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Initial Actions
Initial Actions
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Fire Area
Fire Area
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Exposure Area
Exposure Area
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Seat of the Fire
Seat of the Fire
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Confinement
Confinement
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Extinguishment
Extinguishment
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Perimeter
Perimeter
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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
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Acting Company Officer
Acting Company Officer
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Ventilation-Limited Fire
Ventilation-Limited Fire
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Fuel-Limited Fire
Fuel-Limited Fire
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Flashover
Flashover
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Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Incident Action Plan (IAP)
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Command Transfer
Command Transfer
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Modern Structure Characteristics
Modern Structure Characteristics
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Resource Management
Resource Management
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Incident Management
Incident Management
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Immediate Command Functions
Immediate Command Functions
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Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
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Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
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Firefighter Accountability
Firefighter Accountability
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FIRESCOPE
FIRESCOPE
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NIMSC
NIMSC
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NIMS
NIMS
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Strategic Level
Strategic Level
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Tactical Level
Tactical Level
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Task Level
Task Level
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Incident Commander (IC)
Incident Commander (IC)
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Managing an Incident
Managing an Incident
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Operational Aspects of Command
Operational Aspects of Command
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Initial Radio Report
Initial Radio Report
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Investigation Mode
Investigation Mode
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Fast-Attack Mode
Fast-Attack Mode
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Command Mode
Command Mode
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Three Strategic Priorities
Three Strategic Priorities
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Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
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Fire Type Comparison
Fire Type Comparison
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Risk-Benefit Analysis
Risk-Benefit Analysis
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360-degree situational size-up & incident risk assessment
360-degree situational size-up & incident risk assessment
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Lloyd Layman's Five-Step Size-Up
Lloyd Layman's Five-Step Size-Up
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Ongoing size-up
Ongoing size-up
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Tactical Safety Considerations
Tactical Safety Considerations
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Rapid Intervention CrewsS
Rapid Intervention CrewsS
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What is MACS?
What is MACS?
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ICS 701
ICS 701
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Command
Command
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Public Information
Public Information
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Visualization in Size-Up
Visualization in Size-Up
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Firefighter Fatalities in 2018
Firefighter Fatalities in 2018
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Stress and Overexertion
Stress and Overexertion
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Vehicle Accidents
Vehicle Accidents
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Cardiac Events
Cardiac Events
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Study Notes
- Fire officers are expected to perform the duties of the first-arriving officer
- Their duties include assuming initial command, establishing basic management, and following SOPs
- The NIMS provides a consistent nationwide framework for incident management
- The NIMS can be used regardless of the incident, its size, complexity, or type
- The incident command system began as a local activity with unique terms, and practices in each community
- The FIRE SCOPE program came out of California and the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system from Phoenix
- In the 1980s, the NIMSC merged California’s FIRESCOPE and Phoenix’s FGC system into model procedures
- The ICS has three levels of command: strategic, tactical, and task
- Smaller incidents may only need one officer that covers all three levels which divides up as the incident expands
Training and Federal Assistance
- Specific ICS training is a requirement for emergency response agencies and federal disaster relief eligibility
- FEMA offers introductory ICS courses that are updated periodically
- Taking the latest version of each course ensures current information, and review information periodically
- There are five components to NIMS: Preparedness, Communications & information management, Resource management, Command and managements, Ongoing managements and maintenance
- ICS courses are free and can be completed in 3 hours
Tactical Worksheet and Incident Command
- Initiate a tactical worksheet to ensure all tactical issues are addressed effectively
- Diagram incidents with available resources for clear situational awareness
- Assign an acting company officer equipped with a portable radio for fire suppression or emergency action
- Remaining company members follow the acting company officer once assigned by the initial Incident Commander (IC)
Functions of Command
- Immediate command functions include determining strategy, selecting tactics, and establishing the Incident Action Plan (IAP) during size-up and initial actions
- Initial radio reports cover critical operational information and may be dictated by Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
- The initial IC briefs new ICs, including incident conditions, tactical worksheets and IAPs, progress toward tactical objectives, safety considerations, deployment of companies and personnel, and additional resources
- The initial radio report includes identification of the arriving company, a brief description of the incident, obvious conditions, actions to be taken, strategies, safety concerns, identification and location of command, and resource requests
Resource Management
- Develop the ICS organization, manage resources, coordinate activities, and ensure scene safety
- Recommended span of control for emergency operations is 3-5 individuals
- Maintained by adding levels of management as the effective span of control is exceeded
- The safety officer should be designated as necessary to maintain firefighter accountability and the rapid intervention resources in Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) environments
- Federal grant funding is reserved for NIMS-compliant communities
Evolution of Fire Dynamics
- Modern fires are characterized as ventilation-limited, contrasting with earlier fuel-limited fires
- Fire fighting in the flow path is dangerous with increased heat and smoke
- Limiting the flow path before water rescues is crucial for reducing risk
- The 1908 ASTM fire experiments provided the foundation for time-temperature curves applicable to structural firefighting
- Research, like the 2012 Governor's Island experiments, emphasizes controlling access doors to minimize air introduction, which can delay flashover
- Observations from the 2012 Governor's Island experiment include restricting air into the fire room, the need to apply water before vertical ventilation, and "softening" the target by applying 30-90 seconds of water
- Can't make a big enough ventilation hole to localize the fire's growth or reduce the temperature
Firefighter Risk Management
- The largest share of firefighter deaths occur from stress, over exertion, and medical issues.
- Cardiac events accounted for 89% these deaths.
- Operations in flow paths increase risk due to fire, heat, and smoke movement
- Limiting flow paths until water application is ready is crucial for risk reduction
- Building crews must comply with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.134 including minimum two-in/two-out
- OSHA requires two fully trained and equipped fire fighters to be outside the IDLH
- The two-in/two-out rule has evolved into the concept of Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) and Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC), which is incorporated into NFPA 1500
- 64 firefighters died in the line of duty in 2018
- The second leading cause of death was vehicle crashes
- In 2018, 12 firefighters died in vehicle accidents
- The majority of vehicle deaths happened while responding to or returning from incidents.
Characteristics of Modern Structures
- Differences in building factors include larger sizes, open geometries, increased fuel loads, and new construction materials
- UL studies noted a dramatic reduction in time for effective suppression of modern single-family dwelling fires
- Be cautious when approaching a modern structure with no smoke showing as it could be a ventilation limited fire
Tactical Priorities and Incident Management
- Incident management prioritizes life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation
- Tactical priorities include RECEO-VS: Rescue, Exposure protection, Confinement, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Ventilation, and Salvage
- The IC employs RECEO-VS to accomplish tactical priorities with Rescue, Exposure protection, Confinement, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Ventilation, and Salvage
- An alternative to RECEO-VS is S.L.I.C.E.-R.S. for first-arriving officers
- It includes assessing the situation to develop a plan, locating the fire, identifying and controlling the flow path, cooling the space from the safest locations, extinguishing the fire, performing rescues, and salvaging property
- With Tactical priorities, an incident action plan determines which fire ground operation mode should be used
Size-Up and Strategic Decision Making
- Size-up involves gathering and analyzing information to develop the IAP and necessitates comprehensive site evaluation using thermal imaging and other methods
- Visualization is one of the most significant factors in size-up
- Size-up begins with dispatch, includes pre-incident knowledge, and continues until the incident is stabilized
- The five-step size-up process was published by NFPA in 1953
- The Three Phase size of process establishes Managing company tactical operations in NFPA, 1999
- It requires assess what is seen, make assumptions about what cannot be seen, anticipate what is likely to happen, and consciously differentiate among these
- Size-up is a continuous process where new information must be gathered to determine what adjustments are needed
- Essential size-up factors are; building size and arrangement, type of construction, occupancy, fire and smoke conditions, weather and time of day
- The Layman's five-step size-up process includes facts, probabilities, situation, decision making and a plan of operations
Fire Suppression Techniques
- Effective water application within 30-60 seconds drastically impacts fire conditions and outcomes
- Extinguishment must be thorough, including overhaul in void spaces, once safety conditions are assessed
- A 2013 UL report shows that applying limited water through a window or door improves interior conditions
Incident Command Structure
- The exterior of buildings is designated with sides A-D, following a clockwise order
- The front of the building is side A; the others follow in a clockwise direction
- Companies are assigned divisions based on the structure's layout for effective management
- Areas adjacent to a burning building are called exposures, and take the letter of the building it is next to
Operational Modes
- For minor incidents you can use in an investigation mode which assigns all other units to remain uncommitted pending results
- When situation requires immediate action is a fast attack requires immediate action and the officer performs initial command by radio while attack
- The attack ends when the situation is stabilized, the situation isn't stabilized and command is established outside, or Command transferred to another officer
- For very large, complex, dangerous events establishing immediate command is necessary
Tactical Safety Considerations
- Safety hazards persist despite advancements; after command transfer, the incoming IC assigns appropriate roles for ongoing management
- PPE has saved lives and prevented injury but fire fighters are at increased risk of flashover, disorientation, and running out of oxygen
- The ICS should be utilized consistently in all events for effective coordination and safety management
- Advances in safety have been made, however, hazzards still exist and new threats continue to appear
- Firefighter accountability has developed concurrently with incident management systems
- The initial incident commmander is responsible for Rapid interventions in IDLH environments
- You Can request a PAR for accountability at tactical benchmarks or after an unusual event
- A PAR check should be requested every 20 minutes while an incident is active
Scene Safety
- Common emergency opertaiosn involve street which exposes fire fighters to traffic hazards, that the first responders should be protected from
- With a scene position apparaatuses to protect people and wear High Visibility Clothing for safety
Rapid Intervention Crews
- Rapid Intervention Crews are to dedicated deploy to rescue lost or trapped members
- Some organizations create the initiail rapid deployment with two people during the rapid intervention phase
- As compared to later needing a Rapid interventions team with 4 people for deployment to rescue trapped fire fighters or teams
- After being assigned to the initial Rapid Response team must monitor fire ground communications
Transfer Of Command
- For a transfer of commmand, the chief fire officer assumes significant command
- At a large incident, command could be transferred many times
Summary of Incident Command Responsibilities
- Fire officers must establish command, manage incidents, and supervise their teams effectively according to national frameworks like the NIMS
- The first-arriving officer is responsible for establishing command and addressing three categories of strategic priorities: life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation
- Command structures should include strategic, tactical, and task levels for comprehensive incident management
ICS Command & Management
- Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS) are integrated elements that enhance incident management
- ICS form 701 is the Incident Organization Chart
- ICS form 702 covers public information
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