Ch. 7 Command of Initial Emergency Operations

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What methodology did ASTM employ in 1908 to advance fire safety standards?

  • Creating a new type of firefighting equipment.
  • Developing fuel-limited fire observations.
  • Implementing ventilation-limited fire practices.
  • Conducting full-scale fire experiments. (correct)

Which of the following conditions is essential to delay flashover in a fire?

  • Controlling the access door to limit air flow. (correct)
  • Utilizing vertical ventilation techniques.
  • Completely sealing the fire room.
  • Increasing the size of ventilation openings.

What characterizes modern fires compared to older fuel-limited fires?

  • Presence of more smoke and less heat generation.
  • Dependence on increased compartmentalization.
  • Heavy reliance on available fuels for combustion.
  • Transitioning from ventilation-limited conditions. (correct)

What factor contributes to increased risk for firefighters working in flow paths during a fire?

<p>Enhanced flow of fire, heat, and smoke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modern factors has NOT significantly changed the dynamics of fire in single-family dwellings?

<p>Older construction practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial action to transition a fire from being ventilation-limited to fuel-limited?

<p>Apply water before conducting vertical ventilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the geometric design of modern homes affect fire behavior?

<p>It encourages fire to move more readily due to open layouts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding reported by UL regarding modern single-family dwelling fires?

<p>Time available for fire suppression has dramatically decreased. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the initial responsibilities of the incident commander at the scene of an incident?

<p>Establish the IAP and determine strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role must the acting company officer fulfill during fire suppression efforts?

<p>Initiate emergency actions with a portable radio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be established as part of the size-up and initial actions by the incident commander?

<p>Incident tactics and strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for maintaining firefighter accountability during an incident?

<p>Implementing incident management systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function remains the responsibility of the initial incident commander when the incident becomes fully operational?

<p>Coordinating with outside agencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of command after assessing the incident?

<p>Coordinating resource activities and scene safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the initial incident commander identify when establishing the command structure?

<p>The initial response resources required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may require deviation from standard operating procedures during an incident?

<p>Conditions identified during initial assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in incident management?

<p>To ensure consistent structure for establishing strategies and tactics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which incident priority is ranked highest according to the provided content?

<p>Life safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the tactical priorities RECEO-VS, what does the 'O' stand for?

<p>Overhaul (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT part of the S.L.I.C.E.-R.S. framework?

<p>Appraisal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'C' in the tactical priorities RECEO-VS represent?

<p>Confinement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two priorities are often addressed simultaneously in incident management?

<p>Incident stabilization and property conservation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the first-arriving officer to obtain at an incident scene?

<p>360-degree view of the situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is controlling the flow path crucial during ventilation-limited fires?

<p>To protect occupants and limit fire growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary objective when applying water to cool a fire?

<p>To minimize thermal threats to individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most critical for an officer when deciding on water deployment?

<p>The location of the fire and potential for efficient suppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting a rescue operation, which analysis is crucial for decision-making?

<p>Risk/benefit analysis of occupant removal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the sides of a building designated for firefighting operations?

<p>Clockwise letters starting with A for the front side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical step must be taken after the fire is controlled?

<p>Conducting overhaul of void spaces for complete extinguishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended to control fire spread and smoke during firefighting?

<p>Compartmentalization of different sections of the building (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of designating divisions within a building during firefighting operations?

<p>To facilitate communication between different teams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the first-arriving officer evaluate when prioritizing suppression activities and occupant removal?

<p>Environmental conditions and structural integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one role the new Incident Commander (IC) can assign to the previous IC after the transfer of command?

<p>Act as division or group supervisor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?

<p>A system that evolves to meet the needs of complex incidents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the first-arriving fire officer at an incident?

<p>To establish command and manage until a higher-ranking officer arrives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three strategic priorities the IC is responsible for addressing?

<p>Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the nine functions of command?

<p>Conducting after-action reviews (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size and complexity of an incident affect the management structure?

<p>It determines the need for expanded management structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What levels of command exist in the Incident Command System (ICS)?

<p>Strategic, tactical, and task (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of the first-arriving managing and supervising fire officers?

<p>To concentrate on the strategic level of incident management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fire officer expected to do as a first-arriving officer?

<p>Perform duties of the first-arriving officer at any incident. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does assuming initial command of an incident include?

<p>Establishing a basic management structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was FIRESCOPE developed?

<p>To develop solutions for dealing with large, complex emergencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system?

<p>Small and medium urban emergencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NIMS was established to merge California's FIRESCOPE and which other system?

<p>Phoenix's FGC system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?

<p>It can be used regardless of the incident's cause, size, complexity, or type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main requirements for local emergency response agencies to be eligible for federal disaster assistance?

<p>They are required to adopt ICS. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of NIMS?

<p>Resource management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of command in ICS?

<p>Strategic, tactical, and task. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the strategic level of command?

<p>Overall direction and goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tactical level of command?

<p>To manage a group of resources to accomplish objectives necessary to achieve incident. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who typically carries out activities at the task level of command?

<p>Individual companies/teams. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for every officer within ICS?

<p>To function as initial IC and company-level supervisor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position is always filled within the Incident Command System (ICS)?

<p>Incident Commander (IC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does managing an incident require?

<p>Developing strategies and tactics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the recommended span of control for emergency operations is exceeded?

<p>More levels of management are added (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon arrival at an emergency, what level should the first-arriving officer focus on?

<p>The strategic level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three strategic priorities of command at an incident?

<p>Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does activating the command process include?

<p>Providing an initial radio report and announcing that command is established. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the initial radio during the establishing command include?

<p>Identification of the arriving unit and a brief incident description. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the initial operational mode determined?

<p>Type of situation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a first-arriving company is in investigation mode?

<p>The first-arriving company conducts investigation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the attack end in fast-attack?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority during the command mode?

<p>Establishing immediate command. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tactical worksheet during command mode?

<p>Ensuring the IC addresses tactical issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the rest of the company in command mode?

<p>To initiate emergency action with one member as an acting company officer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the immediate command functions?

<p>Determining the strategy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standards must fire departments comply with regarding firefighter safety in an IDLH atmosphere?

<p>29 CFR 1910.134. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of firefighters that must enter an IDLH area together?

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the two-in/two-out rule evolve into?

<p>Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) and RIC concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)?

<p>Systematic method of accounting for all personnel at an emergency incident. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For PAR check, each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present and

<p>Reports this to IC. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a PAR be requested, according to the content?

<p>At tactical benchmarks and every 20 minutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to this chapter, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?

<p>Accounting for a missing firefighter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can fire officers manage risks with?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is there no justification for risking the lives of firefighters?

<p>When interior fire conditions are unsurvivable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives officer's most training, operations, and structure?

<p>Offensive strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are defensive strategies typically conducted from?

<p>Outside of the structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a transitional strategy involve?

<p>Brief exterior, indirect attack before interior attack. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

UL report revealed applying limited water through an open window or door may?

<p>Dramatically improve interior conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Size-up is a systematic process of ?

<p>Gathering information and making a plan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should SOPs guide an officer to do?

<p>To ensure that all important factors are considered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, vigorous churning dark smoke means ?

<p>high heat release rate and conditions of flashover may occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Lloyd Layman author?

<p>Fundamentals of Fire Tactics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial action should be taken by new IC after transfer of command?

<p>After transfer of command occurs, new IC determines most appropriate assignment for previous IC. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fire officers expected to do at every incident?

<p>Perform duties of the first-arriving officer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a responsibility of the first-arriving officer?

<p>Assuming initial command (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides assuming initial command, what else is the first arriving officer responsible for?

<p>Establishing a basic management structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At every incident, the first arriving officer need to follow which of the following?

<p>Standard Operating Procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to performing the duties of first-arriving officer, what must the Fire officer be competent at?

<p>Working within ICS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond assuming initial command, what other role might a fire officer fulfill within ICS?

<p>Unit, group, or division leader (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

FIRESCOPE was designed to solve what problem?

<p>Dealing with large, complex emergencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What capability did FIRESCOPE give fire departments?

<p>A standard method for managing resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of emergencies was Fire Ground Command (FGC) designed for?

<p>Small and medium urban emergencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of establishing NIMSC?

<p>To merge FIRESCOPE and FGC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NIMSC also known as?

<p>ICS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standard does NIMSC comply with?

<p>NIMS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NIMS provides a framework for incident management that is...

<p>consistent and nationwide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of the incident, NIMS can be used, except for what?

<p>Personal reasons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of FEMA providing introductory ICS courses?

<p>To provide training and information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For local entities to be eligible for federal disaster assistance, they need to...

<p>Adopt ICS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For ICS training, it is recommended to always ensure what?

<p>Take the latest version of each course (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should ICS courses be taken?

<p>Only once (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NIMS has five components, what are they?

<p>Preparedness, Communication, Management, Command, Ongoing Management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many levels of command are there in ICS?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of command involves actions required to achieve tactical objectives?

<p>Task level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position is always filled within ICS?

<p>Incident Commander (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many individuals are in the the recommended span of control for emergency operations?

<p>3-5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the initial radio report, what must be included?

<p>Company ID (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an initial radio report, what must be included when describing the incident?

<p>A brief description (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When initiating command mode, personal involvement in tactical operations are?

<p>Less important than command responsibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of immediate command functions?

<p>Determining strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of firefighters required to enter an IDLH area?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each officer must physically verify that all assigned members are present during which type of event?

<p>Personnel Accountability Report (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When must a PAR be performed?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the highest priority at an incident scene?

<p>Anytime fire fighter cannot be accounted for (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Offensive strategies consists of what?

<p>Typically consists of advance into fire building (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Defensive strategies are typically conducted from?

<p>Exterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transitional strategy involves what?

<p>Brief exterior, indirect attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAFC Rules of Engagement it is not appropriate to put firefighter lives at risk for what?

<p>Lives or properties that cannot be saved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the material, sizeup is a what?

<p>Systematic process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to provided content, churning dark smoke means?

<p>High heat Release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of command within the Incident Command System (ICS)?

<p>Strategic, tactical, and task (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for addressing life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation at an incident?

<p>The Incident Commander (IC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the initial radio report?

<p>Identification and location of command (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Incident Commander (IC) uses RECEO-VS as an acronym for what purpose?

<p>To accomplish tactical priorities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NFPA standard references fire fighter accountability?

<p>NFPA 1561 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'cooling the space' in the S.L.I.C.E-R.S acronym?

<p>To cool the temperature before entry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should SOPs guide an officer to do during on-scene observations?

<p>Use a systematic thinking process to consider all important factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon arriving at an emergency, the first-arriving officer should focus on which level of command?

<p>Strategic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When operating in 'investigation mode', what is the responsibility of other units assigned?

<p>To remain uncommitted pending results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fire officer can manage risks with which of the following?

<p>Training, experience and SOPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system, developed in Southern California, contributed to the evolution of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?

<p>FIRESCOPE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During command mode, what is more important than the personal involvement in tactical operations?

<p>Command responsibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a systematic Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) provide at an emergency incident?

<p>An accounting of all personnel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If unusual or unplanned events occur at an incident, what action should be taken?

<p>A PAR should always be performed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the initial radio report include?

<p>Identification of the company or unit arriving at the scene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how long does it take to complete an ICS course?

<p>3 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are ICS courses typically offered at a cost?

<p>No, they are generally provided for free. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of NIMS compliance for local emergency response agencies?

<p>Eligibility for federal disaster assistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the 'strategic' level of command within ICS?

<p>Establishing overall incident objectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who typically performs activities at the 'task' level within the Incident Command System?

<p>Frontline responders and teams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'tactical' level of command in ICS?

<p>Directing resources to achieve objectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NIMS provide for incident management?

<p>A flexible, standardized framework (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the acronym S.L.I.C.E-R.S.?

<p>A recommended sequence of fireground tactical actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS)?

<p>To provide a framework for supporting incident management activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NIMS component facilitates communication and information sharing during incident operations?

<p>Communications and Information Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?

<p>A standardized on-scene emergency management system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Incident Command System (ICS)?

<p>It is a standardized and flexible structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the NIMS Integration Center?

<p>To provide strategic direction for and oversight of NIMS. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical function of the Operations Section within ICS?

<p>Conducting tactical operations to achieve incident objectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'unity of command' principle in ICS ensure?

<p>Each individual reports to only one designated supervisor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section within ICS is responsible for tracking and acquiring resources?

<p>Logistics Section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of an Incident Action Plan (IAP)?

<p>To provide direction for tactical operations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of 'span of control' in ICS?

<p>The number of subordinates one supervisor can effectively manage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the integration of public information officers into the Incident Command System (ICS) enhance community relations during a crisis?

<p>By centralizing all communication efforts, ensuring the public receives consistent and verified information, which builds trust and reduces misinformation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategic advantage does utilizing the ICS 702 form provide to incident commanders during complex, multi-agency operations?

<p>It serves as a standardized historical record, detailing the incident's progression and resource usage, aiding in post-incident analysis and future planning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the establishment of a Joint Information Center (JIC) during a large-scale emergency facilitate effective communication between various responding agencies and the public?

<p>It creates a single point for disseminating information, ensuring consistent messaging across all channels and minimizing confusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an Incident Commander (IC) leverage social media platforms within the framework of ICS to proactively manage public perception and counter misinformation during an evolving crisis?

<p>By actively monitoring social media for emerging rumors and immediately dispelling false information with factual updates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advanced communication strategy could an Incident Commander employ to effectively address community-specific needs and cultural sensitivities when disseminating critical information during a disaster?

<p>Utilizing targeted messaging through community leaders and culturally relevant channels to address specific concerns and language barriers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a prolonged incident, how does the consistent application of the ICS 702 form improve the efficiency of resource management and prevent operational bottlenecks?

<p>By providing a clear audit trail of resource assignments, usage, and transfers, enabling informed decision-making and preventing duplication of efforts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a multi-jurisdictional incident, how does the Incident Command System (ICS) ensure that all participating agencies maintain situational awareness and operate under a unified strategy, despite differing organizational protocols?

<p>By establishing a clear chain of command and utilizing common terminology, ensuring that all agencies work towards shared objectives within a structured framework. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the Incident Commander optimize the use of the ICS 702 form to track and manage the deployment of specialized resources, such as hazardous materials teams or urban search and rescue units, during a complex emergency?

<p>By meticulously documenting all assignments, movement, and task completion of specialized resources, ensuring accountability and efficient utilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective strategy for an Incident Commander to communicate complex, technical information to the general public during a hazardous materials incident, ensuring both understanding and compliance with safety directives?

<p>Simplifying technical jargon into clear, actionable instructions through various media, and reinforcing messages with visuals and demonstrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Incident Commander utilize the ICS 702 form to facilitate a seamless transition during a change of command, particularly in terms of maintaining continuity of operations and situational awareness?

<p>By providing a comprehensive overview of ongoing operations, resource status, and incident objectives, ensuring the new commander is immediately informed and effective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in size-up?

<p>Visualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On what is the incident commander responsible for focusing

<p>Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is always filled within ICS?

<p>Incident commander (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of managing an emergency incident?

<p>Effective resource coordination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be part of the initial radio report?

<p>A description of the incident conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many firefighters died in the line of duty in 2018?

<p>64 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of deaths among firefighters attributed to stress, overexertion, and medical issues are specifically cardiac-related?

<p>Approximately 89% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides cardiac events, what is the secondary primary cause for firefighter deaths, based on proportion of deaths?

<p>Vehicle crashes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the broader spectrum of firefighter fatalities, if 12 deaths were attributed to vehicle accidents in 2018, what specific circumstance led to the majority of these incidents?

<p>Responding to or returning from incidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering that the largest share of firefighter deaths results from stress, overexertion, and medical issues, how can incident commanders strategically mitigate these risks during prolonged operations?

<p>By strictly adhering to rehabilitation protocols and monitoring vital signs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given that cardiac events constitute $89%$ of deaths related to stress, overexertion, and medical issues among firefighters, what proactive measures should departments implement to reduce these incidents?

<p>Implementing comprehensive wellness programs focusing on cardiovascular health and early detection of risk factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a fire department aims to reduce vehicle accident fatalities among its personnel, what specific training component should be emphasized to address the circumstances leading to the majority of these incidents?

<p>Emergency vehicle operations focusing on safe driving practices during responses and returns and accident avoidance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the statistic that the largest percentage of firefighter deaths are cardiac related, how can departments enhance their rapid intervention team (RIT) capabilities to effectively respond to medical emergencies on the fireground?

<p>Equipping RITs with advanced medical monitoring and resuscitation equipment, and training them in rapid medical intervention strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In light of the high incidence of vehicle accidents during responses and returns, what policy changes could a fire department implement to mitigate risks associated with fatigue and stress on personnel operating emergency vehicles?

<p>Implementing mandatory rest periods before, during, and after emergency responses, and enforcing strict adherence to speed limits and traffic laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given that the majority of vehicle-related firefighter deaths occur while responding to or returning from incidents, what technological solutions could departments adopt to enhance situational awareness and reduce the likelihood of accidents during these high-risk periods?

<p>Implementing advanced driver-assistance systems, real-time traffic monitoring, and automated alerts for hazardous conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the prominence of cardiac events in firefighter fatalities, how can fire departments collaborate with local healthcare providers to develop targeted interventions that improve the long-term cardiovascular health of their personnel?

<p>Establishing partnerships for comprehensive health screenings, tailored fitness programs, and access to cardiology specialists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Size-Up

The process of gathering and analyzing information to develop the Incident Action Plan (IAP), focusing on life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

Flow Path

A designated area within an incident where fire, heat, and smoke travel easily, increasing risk for firefighters.

Ventilation

The process of removing smoke, heat, and gases from a building to improve visibility and control fire spread.

Ventilation Control

A strategic method for managing the flow path of smoke, heat, and gases by creating controlled openings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incident Action Plan (IAP)

A strategic plan outlining the actions required to address the incident, focusing on objectives and tactics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Effective Water Application

A fundamental fire suppression principle emphasizing rapid and effective water application. Ideally completed within 30-60 seconds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overhaul

The process of thoroughly extinguishing all remaining embers, hot spots, and potential reignition points after the main fire is extinguished.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incident Command System (ICS)

A formal organizational structure used to manage and coordinate fire incidents, focusing on communication, resources, and safety.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Safety Officer

A designated individual responsible for firefighter safety during an incident. They ensure accountability and rapid intervention where necessary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RECEO-VS

An acronym representing the strategic priorities of fire operations: rescue, exposure protection, confinement, extinguishment, overhaul, ventilation, and salvage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Initial Actions

The initial actions taken by the first arriving unit at an incident, including size-up, resource allocation, and initial communication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fire Area

A designated area within an incident where the fire is actively burning and spreading.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exposure Area

The area surrounding the fire area where the fire may spread.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seat of the Fire

A specific area within a building or structure where the fire is centered, typically including the initial point of ignition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Confinement

The process of limiting the spread of fire to prevent further damage and protect adjacent structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Extinguishment

The process of reducing the fire's intensity by applying water or other extinguishing agents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perimeter

The perimeter surrounding the incident scene, established by the IC for safety and control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

A system of standardized operational procedures, which are typically used to guide firefighters in managing and responding to certain types of incidents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acting Company Officer

The designated company officer responsible for leading the fire suppression or rescue efforts at the scene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventilation-Limited Fire

A type of fire characterized by being limited by available oxygen, resulting in rapid fire spread and flashover.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fuel-Limited Fire

A type of fire characterized by being limited by the amount of fuel available, resulting in a slower and more manageable fire spread.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flashover

The abrupt and rapid ignition of combustible gases and vapors within a closed space, often triggered by inadequate ventilation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incident Action Plan (IAP)

A document that outlines the overall strategy and tactics to be used to manage the incident, including key objectives and resources required.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Command Transfer

The act of transferring command of an incident from one officer to another, typically when the incident escalates or a new officer is designated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modern Structure Characteristics

Modern buildings are often larger, have open geometries, contain higher fuel loads, and incorporate new construction materials that can contribute to faster fire spread.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Resource Management

A critical component of incident management, focusing on the allocation, coordination, and utilization of resources at the scene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incident Management

The responsibility of the fire officer to oversee and manage the incident, ensuring life safety, stabilization, and property conservation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immediate Command Functions

The immediate actions taken by the first arriving unit, including size-up, establishing command, and managing initial resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

Any environment considered immediately dangerous to life or health due to hazardous conditions such as fire, toxic gases, or structural collapse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

A designated company responsible for rapid intervention to rescue trapped or injured firefighters during an incident.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Firefighter Accountability

A safety consideration during fire operations where firefighters must account for all personnel and their locations within the incident scene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

FIRESCOPE

Fire Resources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies; established to develop solutions for dealing with large, complex emergencies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NIMSC

To merge FIRESCOPE and FGC into a set of model procedures to be utilized by any fire department and be compliant with NIMS.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NIMS

Consistent, nationwide framework for incident management applicable regardless of cause, size, complexity or type.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strategic Level

Overseen by the Incident Commander: overall direction and goals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tactical Level

Where Supervisors manage resources to accomplish an objective with actions necessary to achieve strategic goals typically defined by geographic area and/or functional responsibility

Signup and view all the flashcards

Task Level

Actions required to achieve tactical objectives (physical work).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incident Commander (IC)

The position responsible completing all tasks not delegated and may be required to initiate multi-agency response

Signup and view all the flashcards

Managing an Incident

Developing strategies and tactics, determining required resources, deciding how those resources will be used.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Operational Aspects of Command

Building command structure matching organizational needs of incident, translating strategic priorities into tactical objectives and assigning resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Initial Radio Report

Identification of unit, incident description, conditions, actions, strategy, safety concerns, command location, and resource requests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Investigation Mode

A mode used if incident seems minor, the first-arriving company conducts investigation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fast-Attack Mode

Used when situation requires immediate action and ends when situation stabilizes/command is transferred.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Command Mode

Used for very large, complex, dangerous events that require immediate command establishment in a safe and effective location.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Three Strategic Priorities

Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)

Accounting for all personnel at an emergency incident usually requested at tactical benchmarks and integrated into incident time clock every 20 min

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fire Type Comparison

Older fires fueled limited vs modern fires which tend to be ventilation-limited with a different time-temperature curve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risk-Benefit Analysis

The assessment of risk to rescuers versus benefits derived from actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

360-degree situational size-up & incident risk assessment

IAFC rules of engagement

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lloyd Layman's Five-Step Size-Up

Facts, Probabilities, Situation, Decision and Plan of operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ongoing size-up

Addresses the need to continually size up situation as it evolves by evaluation the current plan of effectiveness

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tactical Safety Considerations

Addresses need minimize harm and prevent disabling injuries by using protective clothing and SCBA's

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rapid Intervention CrewsS

Crew of fire fighters assigned for rapid deployment to rescue lost or trapped members.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is MACS?

MACS stands for Multi-Agency Coordination System. It's a system that provides support to the Incident Command System (ICS) during large-scale incidents involving multiple agencies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ICS 701

ICS 701 relates to multiagency coordination system (MACS), which describes how all components of incident management work together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Command

Encompasses leadership and direction through policy and procedure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Public Information

Activities in ICS related to informing the public, media, and stakeholders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visualization in Size-Up

The ability to mentally picture the layout and potential behavior of a fire incident upon arrival, which serves as a critical component of size-up.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Firefighter Fatalities in 2018

The number of firefighters who died in the line of duty in the United States in 2018.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stress and Overexertion

The most common cause of on-duty firefighter deaths, often linked to cardiac events.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vehicle Accidents

The second leading cause of firefighter deaths, frequently occurring while responding to or returning from incidents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiac Events

The primary medical condition leading to firefighter fatalities related to stress and overexertion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Fire officers are expected to perform the duties of the first-arriving officer
  • Their duties include assuming initial command, establishing basic management, and following SOPs
  • The NIMS provides a consistent nationwide framework for incident management
  • The NIMS can be used regardless of the incident, its size, complexity, or type
  • The incident command system began as a local activity with unique terms, and practices in each community
  • The FIRE SCOPE program came out of California and the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system from Phoenix
  • In the 1980s, the NIMSC merged California’s FIRESCOPE and Phoenix’s FGC system into model procedures
  • The ICS has three levels of command: strategic, tactical, and task
  • Smaller incidents may only need one officer that covers all three levels which divides up as the incident expands

Training and Federal Assistance

  • Specific ICS training is a requirement for emergency response agencies and federal disaster relief eligibility
  • FEMA offers introductory ICS courses that are updated periodically
  • Taking the latest version of each course ensures current information, and review information periodically
  • There are five components to NIMS: Preparedness, Communications & information management, Resource management, Command and managements, Ongoing managements and maintenance
  • ICS courses are free and can be completed in 3 hours

Tactical Worksheet and Incident Command

  • Initiate a tactical worksheet to ensure all tactical issues are addressed effectively
  • Diagram incidents with available resources for clear situational awareness
  • Assign an acting company officer equipped with a portable radio for fire suppression or emergency action
  • Remaining company members follow the acting company officer once assigned by the initial Incident Commander (IC)

Functions of Command

  • Immediate command functions include determining strategy, selecting tactics, and establishing the Incident Action Plan (IAP) during size-up and initial actions
  • Initial radio reports cover critical operational information and may be dictated by Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
  • The initial IC briefs new ICs, including incident conditions, tactical worksheets and IAPs, progress toward tactical objectives, safety considerations, deployment of companies and personnel, and additional resources
  • The initial radio report includes identification of the arriving company, a brief description of the incident, obvious conditions, actions to be taken, strategies, safety concerns, identification and location of command, and resource requests

Resource Management

  • Develop the ICS organization, manage resources, coordinate activities, and ensure scene safety
  • Recommended span of control for emergency operations is 3-5 individuals
  • Maintained by adding levels of management as the effective span of control is exceeded
  • The safety officer should be designated as necessary to maintain firefighter accountability and the rapid intervention resources in Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) environments
  • Federal grant funding is reserved for NIMS-compliant communities

Evolution of Fire Dynamics

  • Modern fires are characterized as ventilation-limited, contrasting with earlier fuel-limited fires
  • Fire fighting in the flow path is dangerous with increased heat and smoke
  • Limiting the flow path before water rescues is crucial for reducing risk
  • The 1908 ASTM fire experiments provided the foundation for time-temperature curves applicable to structural firefighting
  • Research, like the 2012 Governor's Island experiments, emphasizes controlling access doors to minimize air introduction, which can delay flashover
  • Observations from the 2012 Governor's Island experiment include restricting air into the fire room, the need to apply water before vertical ventilation, and "softening" the target by applying 30-90 seconds of water
  • Can't make a big enough ventilation hole to localize the fire's growth or reduce the temperature

Firefighter Risk Management

  • The largest share of firefighter deaths occur from stress, over exertion, and medical issues.
  • Cardiac events accounted for 89% these deaths.
  • Operations in flow paths increase risk due to fire, heat, and smoke movement
  • Limiting flow paths until water application is ready is crucial for risk reduction
  • Building crews must comply with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.134 including minimum two-in/two-out
  • OSHA requires two fully trained and equipped fire fighters to be outside the IDLH
  • The two-in/two-out rule has evolved into the concept of Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) and Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC), which is incorporated into NFPA 1500
  • 64 firefighters died in the line of duty in 2018
  • The second leading cause of death was vehicle crashes
  • In 2018, 12 firefighters died in vehicle accidents
  • The majority of vehicle deaths happened while responding to or returning from incidents.

Characteristics of Modern Structures

  • Differences in building factors include larger sizes, open geometries, increased fuel loads, and new construction materials
  • UL studies noted a dramatic reduction in time for effective suppression of modern single-family dwelling fires
  • Be cautious when approaching a modern structure with no smoke showing as it could be a ventilation limited fire

Tactical Priorities and Incident Management

  • Incident management prioritizes life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation
  • Tactical priorities include RECEO-VS: Rescue, Exposure protection, Confinement, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Ventilation, and Salvage
  • The IC employs RECEO-VS to accomplish tactical priorities with Rescue, Exposure protection, Confinement, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Ventilation, and Salvage
  • An alternative to RECEO-VS is S.L.I.C.E.-R.S. for first-arriving officers
    • It includes assessing the situation to develop a plan, locating the fire, identifying and controlling the flow path, cooling the space from the safest locations, extinguishing the fire, performing rescues, and salvaging property
  • With Tactical priorities, an incident action plan determines which fire ground operation mode should be used

Size-Up and Strategic Decision Making

  • Size-up involves gathering and analyzing information to develop the IAP and necessitates comprehensive site evaluation using thermal imaging and other methods
  • Visualization is one of the most significant factors in size-up
  • Size-up begins with dispatch, includes pre-incident knowledge, and continues until the incident is stabilized
  • The five-step size-up process was published by NFPA in 1953
  • The Three Phase size of process establishes Managing company tactical operations in NFPA, 1999
  • It requires assess what is seen, make assumptions about what cannot be seen, anticipate what is likely to happen, and consciously differentiate among these
  • Size-up is a continuous process where new information must be gathered to determine what adjustments are needed
  • Essential size-up factors are; building size and arrangement, type of construction, occupancy, fire and smoke conditions, weather and time of day
  • The Layman's five-step size-up process includes facts, probabilities, situation, decision making and a plan of operations

Fire Suppression Techniques

  • Effective water application within 30-60 seconds drastically impacts fire conditions and outcomes
  • Extinguishment must be thorough, including overhaul in void spaces, once safety conditions are assessed
  • A 2013 UL report shows that applying limited water through a window or door improves interior conditions

Incident Command Structure

  • The exterior of buildings is designated with sides A-D, following a clockwise order
  • The front of the building is side A; the others follow in a clockwise direction
  • Companies are assigned divisions based on the structure's layout for effective management
  • Areas adjacent to a burning building are called exposures, and take the letter of the building it is next to

Operational Modes

  • For minor incidents you can use in an investigation mode which assigns all other units to remain uncommitted pending results
  • When situation requires immediate action is a fast attack requires immediate action and the officer performs initial command by radio while attack
  • The attack ends when the situation is stabilized, the situation isn't stabilized and command is established outside, or Command transferred to another officer
  • For very large, complex, dangerous events establishing immediate command is necessary

Tactical Safety Considerations

  • Safety hazards persist despite advancements; after command transfer, the incoming IC assigns appropriate roles for ongoing management
  • PPE has saved lives and prevented injury but fire fighters are at increased risk of flashover, disorientation, and running out of oxygen
  • The ICS should be utilized consistently in all events for effective coordination and safety management
  • Advances in safety have been made, however, hazzards still exist and new threats continue to appear
  • Firefighter accountability has developed concurrently with incident management systems
  • The initial incident commmander is responsible for Rapid interventions in IDLH environments
  • You Can request a PAR for accountability at tactical benchmarks or after an unusual event
  • A PAR check should be requested every 20 minutes while an incident is active

Scene Safety

  • Common emergency opertaiosn involve street which exposes fire fighters to traffic hazards, that the first responders should be protected from
  • With a scene position apparaatuses to protect people and wear High Visibility Clothing for safety

Rapid Intervention Crews

  • Rapid Intervention Crews are to dedicated deploy to rescue lost or trapped members
  • Some organizations create the initiail rapid deployment with two people during the rapid intervention phase
  • As compared to later needing a Rapid interventions team with 4 people for deployment to rescue trapped fire fighters or teams
  • After being assigned to the initial Rapid Response team must monitor fire ground communications

Transfer Of Command

  • For a transfer of commmand, the chief fire officer assumes significant command
  • At a large incident, command could be transferred many times

Summary of Incident Command Responsibilities

  • Fire officers must establish command, manage incidents, and supervise their teams effectively according to national frameworks like the NIMS
  • The first-arriving officer is responsible for establishing command and addressing three categories of strategic priorities: life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation
  • Command structures should include strategic, tactical, and task levels for comprehensive incident management

ICS Command & Management

  • Multiagency Coordination Systems (MACS) are integrated elements that enhance incident management
  • ICS form 701 is the Incident Organization Chart
  • ICS form 702 covers public information

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Incident Management Support Team
40 questions

Incident Management Support Team

SelfSufficientPanFlute avatar
SelfSufficientPanFlute
Fire Safety and Incident Management Quiz
41 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser