Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for health?
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for health?
- Genetics
- Age
- Smoking (correct)
- Sex
A patient arrives at the emergency department with stable vital signs and requires a simple evaluation. According to triage principles, what level should they be categorized as?
A patient arrives at the emergency department with stable vital signs and requires a simple evaluation. According to triage principles, what level should they be categorized as?
- Resuscitation
- Nonurgent (correct)
- Emergent
- Urgent
In the ABCDE approach to emergency management, what action should be taken in the 'A' step if a patient has a suspected spinal injury?
In the ABCDE approach to emergency management, what action should be taken in the 'A' step if a patient has a suspected spinal injury?
- Apply a nonrebreather with 100% O2.
- Perform head-tilt/chin-lift.
- Use a bag valve mask with 100% O2.
- Perform modified jaw-thrust maneuver. (correct)
A patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation (Vfib). What initial intervention takes priority?
A patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation (Vfib). What initial intervention takes priority?
Which medication stimulates alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors?
Which medication stimulates alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors?
What patient assessment is MOST important to undertake before performing a cerebral angiography?
What patient assessment is MOST important to undertake before performing a cerebral angiography?
A patient opens their eyes to sound, speaks incoherent words, and withdraws from pain. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, what is their total score?
A patient opens their eyes to sound, speaks incoherent words, and withdraws from pain. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, what is their total score?
A patient undergoing an electroencephalogram (EEG) will be asked to do which of the following?
A patient undergoing an electroencephalogram (EEG) will be asked to do which of the following?
Flashcards
Triage
Triage
A process used in emergency situations to allocate resources and prioritize patient care based on the severity of their condition. It involves classifying patients into five levels: Resuscitation, Emergent, Urgent, Less urgent, and Nonurgent.
ABCDE Assessment
ABCDE Assessment
A systematic approach to assessing and managing a patient's condition in an emergency situation. It involves evaluating five key areas: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability (level of consciousness), and Exposure.
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)
A life-threatening cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, resulting in a lack of effective blood flow to the body. This requires immediate intervention, including defibrillation and CPR.
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)
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Epinephrine (Epi)
Epinephrine (Epi)
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Dopamine
Dopamine
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Dobutamine
Dobutamine
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Cerebral Angiography
Cerebral Angiography
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Study Notes
Health, Wellness, and Illness Variables
- Modifiable variables can be changed: smoking, nutrition, health education, sexual practices, exercise.
- Non-modifiable variables cannot be changed: sex, age, developmental level, genetics.
Emergency Nursing Principles and Management
Triage Levels
- Resuscitation (Level 1): Life-threatening conditions requiring immediate intervention.
- Emergent (Level 2): Immediate threat to life or limb, requiring prompt attention.
- Urgent (Level 3): Conditions requiring treatment within a few hours.
- Less Urgent (Level 4): Conditions that can wait several hours.
- Non-Urgent (Level 5): Conditions that do not require immediate treatment.
ABCDE Approach to Emergency Care
- Airway: Maintain a patent airway. Use a head tilt/chin lift (modified jaw thrust if suspected spinal injury). Administer 100% oxygen using a bag-valve mask or non-rebreather mask for spontaneous breathers.
- Breathing: Assess and support breathing as needed.
- Circulation: Assess and support circulation.
- Disability: Assess level of consciousness (LOC).
- Exposure: Carefully expose the patient for assessment.
Poisoning Management
- Activated charcoal may be used.
- Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) is often performed within one hour of ingestion.
Rapid Response Team
- Responds to patients showing signs of rapid deterioration.
Cardiac Emergencies
- Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib): Defibrillation, CPR, and administration of IV antidysrhythmics (epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate) are crucial.
- Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach): Treatment varies based on patient stability.
Medications in Cardiac Emergencies
- Epinephrine: Stimulates alpha 1 (vasoconstriction), beta 1 (increased heart rate), and beta 2 (bronchodilation). Effective for superficial bleeding, increasing blood pressure, AV block, and cardiac arrest, and asthma. Side effects include hypertension crisis, dysrhythmias, and angina.
- Dopamine: Causes renal blood vessel dilation and increases heart rate (beta 1). Used for shock and heart failure. Side effects include dysrhythmias and angina.
- Dobutamine: Primarily affects heart rate (beta 1). Useful for treating low heart rate.
Neurologic Diagnostic Procedures
Cerebral Angiography
- Visualizes cerebral blood vessels, assessing blood flow and identifying aneurysms.
- Contraindications include pregnancy and allergies (shellfish/iodine). Requires assessment for anticoagulants and kidney function (BUN and creatinine).
CT Scan
- Creates cross-section images of the body.
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
- Diagnoses seizure activity and sleep disorders. Preparation may include washing hair, sleep deprivation, exposure to flashing lights, and hyperventilation.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- Assesses level of consciousness (LOC). Higher scores indicate better function. A score less than 8 suggests severe head injury or coma.
- Eye Opening: Scores 1-4.
- Verbal Response: Scores 1-5 .
- Motor Response: Scores 1-6.
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring
- Performed by neurosurgeons in the operating room. Used to manage patients with elevated ICP.
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