Emergency Medicine Quiz

Study Notes

Since there is no text provided, I'll assume you want me to generate study notes and multiple choice questions on the topic of Acute Medicine, using the Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine as a reference.

Here are some study notes and multiple choice questions:

Acute Medicine*

Respiratory Failure

Respiratory failure is a common reason for admission to the ICU
Types of respiratory failure:
- Type I: Hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO2 < 8 kPa)
- Type II: Hypercapnic respiratory failure (PaCO2 > 6 kPa)
- Type III: Perioperative respiratory failure
- Type IV: Respiratory failure due to cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular Emergencies

Cardiac arrest:
- Causes: ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity
- Management: CPR, defibrillation, and adrenaline
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS):
- Diagnosis: ECG, troponin, and clinical features
- Management: aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, and reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or PCI)

Neurological Emergencies

Stroke:
- Diagnosis: FAST score (Facial droop, Arm weakness, Speech disturbance, and Time)
- Management: thrombolysis (if within 4.5 hours), aspirin, and blood pressure control
Status Epilepticus:
- Definition: seizure lasting > 30 minutes or repeated seizures without recovery
- Management: benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and intubation

Multiple Choice Questions

What is the definition of Type I respiratory failure?
- A) PaCO2 > 6 kPa
- B) PaO2 < 8 kPa
- C) pH < 7.3
- D) Respiratory rate > 30/min
Answer: B) PaO2 < 8 kPa
What is the first line treatment for cardiac arrest?
- A) Aspirin
- B) Adrenaline
- C) Defibrillation
- D) CPR
Answer: D) CPR
What is the recommended time window for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
- A) Within 3 hours
- B) Within 4.5 hours
- C) Within 6 hours
- D) Within 12 hours
Answer: B) Within 4.5 hours