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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cardiac arrest?
What is the primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cardiac arrest?
- To restore a pulse
- To maintain cerebral perfusion
- To achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (correct)
- To reduce the risk of further cardiac events
Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of thrombolytics in acute ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of thrombolytics in acute ischemic stroke?
- HISTORY of gastrointestinal bleeding
- Recent surgery
- Current pregnancy
- All of the above (correct)
What is the preferred method of fluid resuscitation in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock?
What is the preferred method of fluid resuscitation in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock?
- Colloid infusion
- Hypertonic saline
- Crystalloid infusion (correct)
- Packed red blood cells
What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in the emergency department?
What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in the emergency department?
What is the treatment of choice for severe beta-blocker overdose?
What is the treatment of choice for severe beta-blocker overdose?
Flashcards
Type I Respiratory Failure
Type I Respiratory Failure
Hypoxemic respiratory failure, characterized by a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) less than 8 kPa.
Type II Respiratory Failure
Type II Respiratory Failure
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, indicated by a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) greater than 6 kPa.
Cardiac Arrest Management
Cardiac Arrest Management
CPR, defibrillation, and adrenaline (epinephrine)
FAST Stroke Assessment
FAST Stroke Assessment
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Status Epilepticus
Status Epilepticus
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Study Notes
Since there is no text provided, I'll assume you want me to generate study notes and multiple choice questions on the topic of Acute Medicine, using the Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine as a reference.
Here are some study notes and multiple choice questions:
- Acute Medicine*
Respiratory Failure
- Respiratory failure is a common reason for admission to the ICU
- Types of respiratory failure:
- Type I: Hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO2 < 8 kPa)
- Type II: Hypercapnic respiratory failure (PaCO2 > 6 kPa)
- Type III: Perioperative respiratory failure
- Type IV: Respiratory failure due to cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Emergencies
- Cardiac arrest:
- Causes: ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity
- Management: CPR, defibrillation, and adrenaline
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS):
- Diagnosis: ECG, troponin, and clinical features
- Management: aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, and reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or PCI)
Neurological Emergencies
- Stroke:
- Diagnosis: FAST score (Facial droop, Arm weakness, Speech disturbance, and Time)
- Management: thrombolysis (if within 4.5 hours), aspirin, and blood pressure control
- Status Epilepticus:
- Definition: seizure lasting > 30 minutes or repeated seizures without recovery
- Management: benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and intubation
Multiple Choice Questions
- What is the definition of Type I respiratory failure?
- A) PaCO2 > 6 kPa
- B) PaO2 < 8 kPa
- C) pH < 7.3
- D) Respiratory rate > 30/min
- Answer: B) PaO2 < 8 kPa
- What is the first line treatment for cardiac arrest?
- A) Aspirin
- B) Adrenaline
- C) Defibrillation
- D) CPR
- Answer: D) CPR
- What is the recommended time window for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
- A) Within 3 hours
- B) Within 4.5 hours
- C) Within 6 hours
- D) Within 12 hours
- Answer: B) Within 4.5 hours
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