Emergency Medical Care Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes eclampsia from severe preeclampsia?

  • Extreme hypertension
  • Proteinuria
  • Organ dysfunction
  • Presence of seizures (correct)

What describes the condition of placenta previa?

  • Placenta is excessively adhered to the uterine wall
  • Placenta detaches prematurely from the uterus
  • Placenta is located away from the cervix
  • Placenta grows in the lower part of the uterus covering the cervix (correct)

Which symptom is associated with hemoptysis?

  • Bloody discharge from the nose
  • Vomiting blood
  • Blood in urine
  • Coughing up blood (correct)

Which condition is associated with chronic bronchitis?

<p>Recurrent inflammation of the bronchial tubes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hallmark of compensated shock?

<p>Normal blood pressure with narrowed pulse pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a patient might be experiencing a significant breathing inadequacy?

<p>Cyanosis of the lips or fingers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typical of congestive heart failure (CHF)?

<p>Persistent fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of flail chest, which situation typically occurs?

<p>Multiple adjacent ribs are fractured (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to define guarding in a clinical scenario?

<p>Involuntary tightening of abdominal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mnemonic is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness?

<p>AVPU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between hypoxia and hypoxia-related conditions?

<p>Hypoxia refers to lack of oxygen, while hypoxia-related conditions can include symptoms like confusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are typically associated with an active seizure?

<p>Loss of consciousness, muscle jerking, and incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nitroglycerin in medical treatment?

<p>Dilate blood vessels to relieve chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential steps in treating a patient showing signs of respiratory distress?

<p>Reassure the patient, keep them calm, and administer bronchodilators if prescribed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes croup from epiglottitis in children?

<p>Croup presents with a barking cough, while epiglottitis typically causes high fever and drooling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Rule of Nines in assessing burns?

<p>It assigns percentage values to different body parts to assess extent of burns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper sequence of actions for external bleeding control?

<p>Apply direct pressure, elevate the wound, and apply a tourniquet if needed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by decreased blood flow leading to tissue damage?

<p>Shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first when treating hypothermia?

<p>Move the patient to a warmer environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signs are typically associated with hyperglycemia?

<p>Excessive thirst and frequent urination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Severe Preeclampsia

A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, accompanied by protein in the urine.

Placenta Abruptio

A life-threatening condition that occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.

Chest Compression Site

The center of the chest, where chest compressions should be performed.

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Hematemesis

Vomiting blood.

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Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood.

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Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body.

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A condition caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

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Gastric Distention

The feeling of fullness in the stomach, often caused by gas or fluid buildup.

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Hypoxia

A condition where the body's tissues are not receiving enough oxygen.

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AMI (Acute Myocardial Infarction)

A sudden, severe blockage of a coronary artery, interrupting blood flow to the heart muscle.

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Angina

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

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Seizure

A series of involuntary muscle contractions caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

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Upper GI Bleed

Bleeding from the digestive tract above the stomach.

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Lower GI Bleed

Bleeding from the digestive tract below the stomach.

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Circulatory System

The system of blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body.

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Splint

A device used to immobilize a suspected fracture.

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OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway)

A device that helps keep the airway open during CPR.

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NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway)

A device that helps keep the airway open during CPR.

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Study Notes

Mechanisms of Injury (MOI) vs. Nature of Injury (NOI)

  • MOI vs NOI and their importance

Hypoxia

  • Definition of hypoxia

HIV and Hepatitis

  • HIV and hepatitis: how to protect yourself from them

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) vs. Angina

  • Signs, symptoms, and causes of an AMI vs. Angina

Seizures

  • Know the steps of seizures and the different kinds

Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeds

  • Upper and lower GI bleed signs and symptoms

Circulatory System

  • Passageway of the blood and circulatory system

Splinting

  • Steps of splinting and what to do when lacking a pulse prior or during splinting
  • OPA vs. NPA indications and contraindications

Respiratory Distress

  • Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress, know the different sounds

Rule of Nines

  • Definition

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

  • Definition of Epistaxis and treatment

Wheezing

  • Treatment for wheezing

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

  • CPR rates and ratios for all age groups, with or without being intubated
  • Treatment for cold related emergencies when long transport time
  • Treatment for hypothermia and hyperthermia, localized vs. generalized
  • Treatment for hypothermia and hyperthermia, conscious vs. unconscious

Spinal Injuries

  • Parts of the spinal column and associated injuries

Fontanelles

  • Definition of fontanelles

Splinting Procedures

  • Know when to splint and what to include in the splint, position of function

Epiglottitis

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for epiglottitis

Croup

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for croup

Meningitis

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for meningitis

Stroke

  • Different types of strokes: signs, symptoms, and treatment
  • Treatment for active stroke
  • Treatment for active seizure

Insulin

  • Know how insulin works and what happens if the body doesn't have it

Medical Interventions

  • Order or MPA and TPA, know what should be during each part

Anaphylaxis

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for anaphylaxis

Dysuria

  • Definition of dysuria

Dysphagia

  • Definition of dysphagia

Dyspnea

  • Definition of dyspnea

Child and Elderly Abuse

  • Signs and symptoms of child and elderly abuse, know when to report it

Shock

  • Different types of shock, their associated signs/symptoms, and treatments

Wheezing

  • Know what causes wheezing and how to treat

Helmet Removal

  • Procedure for helmet removal and which to remove

Nitroglycerin

  • Nitroglycerin: indications, contraindications, and how it works

Bleeding Control

  • External vs. internal bleeding control
  • Triage tagging and order of transport

Cardiac Tamponade

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for cardiac tamponade

Commotio Cordis

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for commotio cordis

Hyperglycemia vs. Hypoglycemia

  • Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment for hyperglycemia vs. hyperglycemia

Treatments for Abdominal Pain

  • TPA vs. MPA, know what to do when you have both
  • Treatment for abdominal pain

Seizures

  • Types of seizures

Childbirth and Placenta

  • Steps of child delivery and placenta
  • Know what PCR stands for and its importance
  • Know how and when to suction

Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and Placenta Previa

  • Preeclampsia vs. severe preeclampsia vs. eclampsia
  • Definition of placenta previa

Placental Abruption

  • Definition of placenta abruption

Chest Compressions

  • Chest compression site for all age groups

Hematemesis, Hemoptysis, and Hematuria

  • Definition of hematemesis
  • Definition of hemoptysis
  • Definition of hematuria

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

  • Signs and symptoms of CHF

Coronary Artery Disease

  • Signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease

Gastric Distention

  • Definition of gastric distention

Emphysema

  • Signs and symptoms of emphysema

Asthma

  • Signs and symptoms of asthma

Pneumonia

  • Signs and symptoms of pneumonia

Chronic Bronchitis

  • Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Hypothermia

  • Common injuries for each age group
  • Steps of hypothermic emergencies and treatment

Mnemonics

  • Know the following mnemonics: AVPU, GCS, PAT, APGAR, GEMS
  • Know the 5 methods of heat loss

Ventilatory Rates

  • Respiratory and ventilatory rates for all age groups

KED and PPE

  • Steps of KED and when to use it
  • Know appropriate PPE for all scenarios

Tracheostomy and Carbon Monoxide

  • Know how to ventilate with a tracheostomy
  • Danger of carbon monoxide

Breathing and Chest Wall

  • Signs and symptoms of breathing inadequacies

Chest Compressions

  • Chest compression depth for all ages

Skull Anatomy

  • Know the bones of the skull

Head Injuries

  • Signs and symptoms of head injuries, know the vital signs

Assessing Mental Status

  • Mnemonic STOPPED
  • Importance of assessing mental status
  • Importance of getting baseline vitals

Pupillary Response

  • When to check PERRL
  • When to give epinephrine, dosage, and how it works

Normal vs. Hypoxic Breathing

  • Normal breathing stimulus vs. hypoxic drive

Emergency Extrication

  • KED vs. rapid extrication

Pain

  • Know the difference between referred pain, phantom pain, rebound tenderness

Guarding/Pregnancy

  • Definition of guarding
  • Pregnancy position for delivery and for complications
  • Compensated vs. decompensated shock, know the vital signs

Capillary Refill

  • When to assess capillary refill and what it indicates

Pneumothorax

  • Different types of pneumothoraces

Flail Chest

  • Definition and causes of a flail chest

Tourniquet

  • When and how to apply a tourniquet

Hazmat

  • Precautions for hazmat emergencies

Neonatal Resuscitation

  • Know when to ventilate or begin CPR for neonatal resuscitation

Bites and Stings

  • Treatment for bites and stings

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO)

  • FBAO steps for conscious and unconscious patients

Assessing Stroke Patients

  • Know what to assess stroke patients for

Ligaments and Tendons

  • Ligament vs. tendon

Eye Injuries

  • Treatment for eye injuries
  • Good Luck

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics in emergency medical care, including mechanisms of injury, hypoxia, and the differences between acute myocardial infarction and angina. It also explores vital treatment steps for seizures, respiratory distress, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Test your knowledge of these critical medical concepts.

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