Embryonic Respiratory Development Quiz

The process of lung development that takes place before birth.

The smallest branches of the bronchi, responsible for bringing air to the alveoli.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange happens.

The period of lung development from the 7th month of pregnancy until birth.

Thin-walled cells in the alveoli that facilitate gas exchange.

Alveolar cells that produce surfactant, a substance that helps the lungs expand.

A substance made by Type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, allowing them to expand.

The period of lung development from the 16th to 26th week of pregnancy.

A type of epithelium with cube-shaped cells found in the bronchioles during the canalicular period.

A type of epithelium with flattened cells found in the alveoli during the terminal sac period.

The initial structure that gives rise to the trachea and lungs, formed as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut.

Specialized cells responsible for forming the cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissues of the trachea and lungs.

The process by which the lung bud separates from the foregut, forming the trachea and esophagus.

The opening connecting the developing respiratory system to the pharynx, allowing future air passage.

A signaling molecule crucial for lung bud formation, produced by adjacent mesoderm.

A transcription factor activated by retinoic acid, essential for lung bud development.

The layer of cells that lines the airways (larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs).

The process of the lung bud growing and developing into the complex respiratory system.

The larynx's opening transitions from a vertical slit to a T-shaped opening due to the rapid growth of mesenchyme.

The thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages develop from mesenchyme, giving the larynx its adult form.

The laryngeal ventricles, which contain the vocal cords, are formed by the epithelium's temporary blockage and subsequent recanalization, creating lateral recesses.

All laryngeal muscles are innervated by branches of the vagus nerve (CN X) because they originate from the mesenchyme of the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.

The trachea develops as a central tube from the lung bud, while two lateral outpocketings form the primary bronchial buds.

The primary bronchi further divide into secondary bronchi, foreshadowing the lung lobe distribution (right: 3 lobes, left: 2 lobes).

As the lungs grow, they expand into the pericardioperitoneal canals, eventually forming the pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial folds.

Laryngeal defects are often associated with other birth defects, including VACTERL association defects, which involve multiple organ systems.

The process by which the bronchial tree forms and branches, creating bronchopulmonary segments, with the lung buds expanding and communicating with the surrounding cavities.

The specialized cells responsible for forming the cartilage, muscles, and connective tissues of the trachea and lungs.

The stage of lung development where the bronchial buds expand and communicate with the surrounding cavities.

The process during which the lungs develop and grow before birth, passing through distinct stages.

The period of lung development from the 5th to 16th week of pregnancy, characterized by branching of the bronchi.

The period of lung development from 8 months of pregnancy to childhood, characterized by the formation of mature alveoli.

The process of the first breath taken by a newborn, which causes the lungs to expand and fill with air.

The collapse of an alveolus due to lack of surfactant, leading to difficulty breathing.

A condition where the esophagus ends in a closed pouch, often with a connection (fistula) to the trachea.

A condition where the trachea is connected to the esophagus in a way that doesn't involve a blocked esophagus.

The initial structure that forms the trachea and lungs as an outpouching from the foregut.

A condition where the esophagus ends in a closed pouch without any connection to the trachea.

The ridges that eventually form the tracheoesophageal septum, separating the trachea and esophagus.