Embryonic Period Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During which period does organogenesis occur?

  • Eighth to twelfth weeks
  • Third to eighth weeks (correct)
  • Twelfth to sixteenth weeks
  • First to third weeks

What is the process of formation of the shape of the embryo called?

  • Differentiation
  • Cephalization
  • Morphogenesis (correct)
  • Neurulation

When do the main organ systems become established?

  • End of the fourth month
  • End of the third month
  • End of the first month
  • End of the second month (correct)

What induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate?

<p>Appearance of notochord and prechordal mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the initial event in the process of neurulation?

<p>Induction of neuroectoderm cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the majority of birth defects induced according to the text?

<p>Third to eighth weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of neural folds in the cervical region?

<p>Formation of the neural tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the closure of the cranial neuropore occur?

<p>Approximately day 25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the derivatives of the mesodermal germ layer?

<p>Paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for spina bifida?

<p>Lumbosacral region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do neural crest cells dissociate from?

<p>Lateral border of the neuroectoderm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the closed tubular structure of the central nervous system?

<p>Neural tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neurulation?

<p>Process of neural tube formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can prevent 50%-70% of cases of neural tube defects (NTDs)?

<p>$400$ micrograms supplementation of folic acid three months prior to conception &amp; continuing throughout pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mesenchyme in relation to neural crest cells?

<p>Undergoes epithelial to mesenchymal transition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organogenesis

The process of organ formation in an embryo during embryonic development.

Morphogenesis

The process of shaping and structuring an embryo.

End of the second month

The time when the main organ systems are established in an embryo.

Induction of neuroectoderm

The notochord and prechordal mesoderm signal the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate, which will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.

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Neural plate formation

The first step in forming the neural tube, which will become the central nervous system. It involves changes in the cells of the neuroectoderm.

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Neurulation

The formation of the neural tube from the neural plate in an embryo.

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Neural tube closure

The process of the neural folds fusing in the cervical region, forming the closed neural tube. This is crucial for the development of the brain and spinal cord.

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Closure of the cranial neuropore

Day 25 of embryonic development, when the cranial neuropore in the neural tube closes, marking a crucial stage in brain development.

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Mesoderm

One of the three primary germ layers in an embryo, the mesoderm gives rise to various structures like bones, muscles, blood, and the circulatory system.

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Lumbosacral region

The most common location for spina bifida, a birth defect affecting the spinal cord.

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Neural crest cells

Cells derived from the neuroectoderm that migrate to various locations in the developing embryo to form different tissues and structures.

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Neural tube

The closed, tube-like structure that ultimately becomes the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

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Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition

A process essential for the development of tissues and organs that involves cells transitioning from a sheet-like epithelium to a loose, migratory mesenchymal state.

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Folic acid supplementation

Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily, beginning three months before conception and continuing throughout pregnancy, can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

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Neural crest cell migration

The process of cells from the neural crest migrating and differentiating into different cell types. This is a critical event in building the nervous system.

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