Embryonic Limb Development Process

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What happens when cell death in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) occurs?

The ridge condenses into two segments

The AER expands

Hydroxyapatite crystals form

Fingers and toes form (correct)

What is the function of the secreted molecular WNT14 in limb development?

Ossification of long bones

Inductive signal (correct)

Formation of chondrocytes

Formation of joint cavities

How do joints in cartilaginous condensations form during limb development?

Induced by chondrogenesis (correct)

Through myoblast differentiation

By apoptosis

By cell proliferation

What happens in Week 7 related to the digital rays in limb development?

Loose mesenchyme between the digital rays breaks down Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does muscle mass divide into extensor and ventral compartments during limb development?

Week 8 Signup and view all the answers

What rotates 90 degrees on their longitudinal axis during limb development?

Upper limbs Signup and view all the answers

At what point do primary ossification centers appear in all long bones?

Week 9 Signup and view all the answers

When does the epiphyseal cartilage plate get replaced, leading to the end of bone growth?

Around age 25 Signup and view all the answers

Where are secondary ossification centers found?

In irregular bones like vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

When do synovial joints form?

During mesenchymal condensations Signup and view all the answers

In what types of bones are primary centers of ossification typically present?

Long bones Signup and view all the answers

What components form within a synovial joint capsule?

Menisci and ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Where are limb musculature cells derived from?

The somites Signup and view all the answers

How does muscle tissue in limb buds initially split?

Into flexor and extensor components Signup and view all the answers

What do upper limb buds lie opposite to?

Cervical and thoracic segments Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for extensor musculature in the limbs?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What role do spinal nerves play in limb musculature?

Provide both sensory and motor innervation Signup and view all the answers

What determines the resulting complex pattern of muscles in limbs?

The lateral plate mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which artery in the upper limb arises from the primary axial artery?

Brachial artery Signup and view all the answers

What do radiologists use to determine proper maturation age in children?

Appearance of various ossification centers Signup and view all the answers

At what rate do limb malformations occur in live births?

3.4 per 10,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does the primary axial artery form in the lower limb?

Anterior tibial artery Signup and view all the answers

What provides useful information about bone age in children?

Ossification studies in the hands and wrists Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the body does the marginal sinus break up into the dorsal venous arch?

Upper limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete absence of one or more extremities?

Amelia Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the condition where two or more fingers or toes are fused?

Syndactyly Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormally short limb?

Micromelia Signup and view all the answers

If a person has extra fingers or toes present, what is this condition called?

Polydactyly Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bilateral absence of a digit, such as a thumb?

Ectrodactyly Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is there an abnormal cleft between the second and fourth metacarpal bones and soft tissues?

Cleft hand Signup and view all the answers