Embryonic Limb Development Process
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Questions and Answers

What happens when cell death in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) occurs?

  • The ridge condenses into two segments
  • The AER expands
  • Hydroxyapatite crystals form
  • Fingers and toes form (correct)
  • What is the function of the secreted molecular WNT14 in limb development?

  • Ossification of long bones
  • Inductive signal (correct)
  • Formation of chondrocytes
  • Formation of joint cavities
  • How do joints in cartilaginous condensations form during limb development?

  • Induced by chondrogenesis (correct)
  • Through myoblast differentiation
  • By apoptosis
  • By cell proliferation
  • What happens in Week 7 related to the digital rays in limb development?

    <p>Loose mesenchyme between the digital rays breaks down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does muscle mass divide into extensor and ventral compartments during limb development?

    <p>Week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rotates 90 degrees on their longitudinal axis during limb development?

    <p>Upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point do primary ossification centers appear in all long bones?

    <p>Week 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the epiphyseal cartilage plate get replaced, leading to the end of bone growth?

    <p>Around age 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are secondary ossification centers found?

    <p>In irregular bones like vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do synovial joints form?

    <p>During mesenchymal condensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what types of bones are primary centers of ossification typically present?

    <p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components form within a synovial joint capsule?

    <p>Menisci and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are limb musculature cells derived from?

    <p>The somites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does muscle tissue in limb buds initially split?

    <p>Into flexor and extensor components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do upper limb buds lie opposite to?

    <p>Cervical and thoracic segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are responsible for extensor musculature in the limbs?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do spinal nerves play in limb musculature?

    <p>Provide both sensory and motor innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the resulting complex pattern of muscles in limbs?

    <p>The lateral plate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery in the upper limb arises from the primary axial artery?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do radiologists use to determine proper maturation age in children?

    <p>Appearance of various ossification centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate do limb malformations occur in live births?

    <p>3.4 per 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does the primary axial artery form in the lower limb?

    <p>Anterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides useful information about bone age in children?

    <p>Ossification studies in the hands and wrists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the body does the marginal sinus break up into the dorsal venous arch?

    <p>Upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complete absence of one or more extremities?

    <p>Amelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the condition where two or more fingers or toes are fused?

    <p>Syndactyly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormally short limb?

    <p>Micromelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person has extra fingers or toes present, what is this condition called?

    <p>Polydactyly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bilateral absence of a digit, such as a thumb?

    <p>Ectrodactyly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is there an abnormal cleft between the second and fourth metacarpal bones and soft tissues?

    <p>Cleft hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

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