Embryonic Folding and Development

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Questions and Answers

What structure forms from the dilation of the terminal part of the hindgut?

  • Neural tube.
  • Descending colon.
  • Oropharyngeal membrane.
  • Cloaca. (correct)

Which of the of the following describes the position of he primitive streak relative to the cloacal membrane during embryonic folding?

  • It remains in the same relative position.
  • It disappears entirely.
  • It shifts from cranial to caudal. (correct)
  • It shifts from caudal to cranial.

Which of the following structures is the primordium of the umbilical cord?

  • Allantois.
  • Caudal eminence.
  • Septum transversum.
  • Connecting stalk. (correct)

What adult structure is derived from the endodermal germ layer incorporated into the embryo during folding?

<p>Descending colon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes lateral folds during embryonic development?

<p>They are formed by the sides of the developing embryo. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caudal eminence's relationship to the cloacal membrane as the embryo grows?

<p>It projects over the cloacal membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is partially incorporated into the developing embryo?

<p>The allantois. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the connecting stalk attached to the embryo?

<p>Ventral surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During head folding, which structure moves onto the ventral surface of the embryo?

<p>Primordial heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the foregut from the stomodeum?

<p>Oropharyngeal membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures develops from the endoderm incorporated during folding?

<p>The primordium of the pharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the septum transversum lie in relation to the heart after head folding?

<p>Caudal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does the intraembryonic coelom communicate with the extraembryonic coelom?

<p>During folding, lies ventral to the heart and cranial to the septum transversum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the folding of the caudal end of the embryo?

<p>Growth of the distal part of the neural tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cardiogenic mesoderm located in relation to the heart and septum transversum?

<p>Ventral to the heart and cranial to the septum transversum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the fourth week of development, how many somite pairs are initially visible in the embryo's dorsal view?

<p>Three pairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At Carnegie stage 13 (approximately 28 days), which of the following features is characteristic of the developing embryo?

<p>Closure of the rostral and caudal neuropores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primordial heart at approximately 28 days is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Division into primordial atrium and ventricle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is closely associated with the development of the internal ear?

<p>The otic vesicle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pharyngeal arches in a 28-day-old human embryo?

<p>They are involved in forming structures of the head and neck. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The facioacoustic neural crest is directly related to the development of which of the following?

<p>The facial muscles and inner ear structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At approximately 28 days, how many pharyngeal arches are typically present in a human embryo?

<p>Four (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures develops from the diencephalon?

<p>The hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the aortic arches that are present during the fourth week of development?

<p>They contribute to the formation of major arteries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During early embryonic development, what is the function of the roof plate in the developing hindbrain?

<p>It serves as a signaling center for neural tube development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is critical for establishing the axial orientation of the embryo and inducing neural development?

<p>The notochord. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process directly contributes to the formation of the lateral and ventral body walls of the embryo?

<p>Folding of the embryo in the horizontal plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are enveloped by the amnion as it expands during embryonic development?

<p>Connecting stalk, omphaloenteric duct, and allantois (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to estimate the gestational age during the early stages of pregnancy?

<p>Ultrasound measurements of the chorionic sac and embryo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs concurrently with the formation of the lateral and ventral body walls?

<p>The heart being carried ventrally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key structures that are incorporated into the developing umbilical cord as the amnion expands?

<p>Connecting stalk, omphaloenteric duct, and allantois (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to analyze the external characteristics of the embryo during early development?

<p>To help estimate gestational age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In embryonic development, the expansion of the amnion directly contributes to which of the following processes?

<p>Encasement of structures that will form the umbilical cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the consequence if the amnion failed to properly envelop the connecting stalk, omphaloenteric duct, and allantois?

<p>Compromised development of the umbilical cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At Carnegie stage 19 (approximately 48 days), which of the following features is NOT yet fully developed but is becoming visible?

<p>Complete separation of digits in the hand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prominence of the abdomen in embryos during the fourth to eighth week of development is primarily due to the:

<p>Large size of the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of observing notches between the digital rays of the hand at approximately 48 days of development?

<p>It demonstrates the development of individual fingers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the fourth to eighth weeks of development, the developing ear is located:

<p>Relatively low on the head, near the neck region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given an embryo at Carnegie stage 19, what could be inferred if the digital rays of the footplate were NOT visible?

<p>The embryo is younger than 48 days or experiencing a developmental delay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ultrasound performed on a developing embryo reveals a large liver. Which of the following is the MOST likely conclusion a doctor can make?

<p>The embryo is at a developmental stage where the liver is proportionally large. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are observing an embryo and notice that you can clearly see the auricle of the external ear. Based on this observation, which of the following structures would you also expect to see?

<p>The external acoustic meatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an embryo at approximately 48 days does NOT show signs of notches between the digital rays, this could indicate an issue with the development of which structure?

<p>The digits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic folding, what structure initially positioned cranially, moves to eventually contribute to the formation of the diaphragm?

<p>The septum transversum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT directly affected by the longitudinal folding of the embryo during the fourth week?

<p>The development of the somites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lateral folding of the embryo leads to the establishment of which body structure?

<p>The umbilical cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intraembryonic coelom, formed during lateral folding, eventually gives rise to which of the following?

<p>The body cavities (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key event that occurs as a result of the ventral movement during lateral folding of the embryo?

<p>Closure of the abdominal wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If lateral folding was inhibited during the fourth week, what would be the MOST likely consequence for the developing embryo?

<p>Incomplete formation of the gut tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is most directly impacted by the cranial folding of the embryo?

<p>The heart's relocation to the thoracic region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temporary structure is critical for nutrient supply in early embryonic development, but is incorporated into the umbilical cord during folding?

<p>The umbilical vesicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The allantois extends into which structure?

<p>Connecting stalk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic folding, what happens to the relative position of the developing midgut?

<p>It remains outside the body of the embryo temporarily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the origin of the intraembryonic coelom?

<p>It arises from the fusion of multiple smaller cavities within the mesoderm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Longitudinal and lateral folding are critical processes in establishing the basic body plan. If longitudinal folding was disrupted, what would be a likely consequence?

<p>Aberrant positioning of the heart and digestive system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Failure of the cloacal membrane to reposition correctly during embryonic folding could directly impact the development of which system?

<p>The urogenital system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the extraembryonic coelom communicate with the intraembryonic coelom?

<p>Directly, at early stages of development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary outcome of the formation of the foregut and hindgut during longitudinal folding?

<p>Creation of the basic structure for the digestive tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stomodeum

Early mouth opening.

Oropharyngeal membrane

Membrane separating the foregut and stomodeum.

Foregut

Primordium of pharynx, esophagus, and lower respiratory system.

Septum Transversum

Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities.

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Intraembryonic Coelom

Future body cavities

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Head Fold

Folding at the cranial end of the embryo.

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Tail Fold

Folding at the caudal end of the embryo.

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Cardiogenic Mesoderm

Tissue that forms the heart.

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Neural Folds

The raised edges of the neural plate that will eventually fuse to form the neural tube.

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Neural Crest

Cells arising from the lateral edges of the neural plate that migrate to form various structures.

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Neural Tube

Precursors of the central nervous system, formed by the fusion of the neural folds.

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Somites

Segmental blocks of mesoderm that differentiate into muscle, vertebrae, and dermis.

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Umbilical Vesicle

A yolk sac that is attached to the developing gut tube.

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Cloacal Membrane

The membrane that ruptures to create the anal opening.

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Notochord

The dorsal supporting rod in the embryo that forms the basis for the axial skeleton.

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Connecting Stalk

A stalk of extraembryonic mesoderm that connects the embryo to the chorion.

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Hindgut

The posterior part of the developing gut tube.

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Midgut

The middle part of the developing gut tube.

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Omphaloenteric duct

Outpouching from the gut tube connecting the midgut to the yolk sac.

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Caudal Eminence

The tail region of the developing embryo.

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Cloaca

Dilated terminal part of the hindgut; precursor to urinary bladder and rectum.

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Allantois

A diverticulum (outpocketing) of the umbilical vesicle.

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Lateral Folding

Folding of the sides of the embryo.

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Amnion

Outermost extraembryonic membrane, enclosing the embryo and creating a fluid-filled cavity.

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External Acoustic Meatus

The external opening of the ear canal.

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Auricle

The developing outer part of the ear.

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Cervical Flexure

Curvature in the cervical region of the embryo.

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Digital Rays

Projections indicating developing fingers or toes.

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Notch between digital rays

Indentations between the digital rays.

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Liver Prominence

Large abdominal feature due to liver size.

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Umbilical Cord

Connects the embryo to the placenta.

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Eyelid

Protective organ for sight.

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Embryonic Folding

Folding process influencing heart and head positioning.

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Lateral Body Walls

Lateral and ventral embryonic structures forming the body's walls.

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Amnion Expansion

It envelops structures, forming the umbilical cord's epithelial covering.

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Structures Enveloped by Amnion

Connective stalk, allantois, and omphaloenteric duct.

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Umbilical Cord Covering

Epithelial covering formed from amnion expansion.

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Ultrasound Measurement

A technique to measure the chorionic sac and embryo's growth.

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Primordial Heart

The early heart, before it's fully formed.

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Rostral and Caudal Neuropores

The front and rear openings of the neural tube, which close during development.

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C-Shaped Curvature

Curved shape of the embryo during the fourth week.

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Pharyngeal Arches

Paired structures in the neck region of the embryo that contribute to head and neck development.

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Limb Buds

Early buds that develop into arms and legs.

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Otic Vesicle

Develops into the inner ear.

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Facioacoustic Neural Crest

A cranial nerve complex associated with hearing and facial expressions.

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Hindbrain

The posterior part of the developing brain.

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Roof Plate

Dorsal part of the neural tube in the developing brain.

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Pharyngeal Pouches

Outpocketings of the pharynx.

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