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Questions and Answers
What is the result of fertilization in embryonic development?
What is the process characterized by rapid cell division without significant growth during embryonic development?
What is the stage of embryonic development when the embryo undergoes rapid growth and folding?
What is the inner layer of the primary germ layers that gives rise to the lining of the digestive system and respiratory tract?
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What is the period when major organ systems form and is most susceptible to teratogenic effects?
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What is the stage of development when the growth and maturation of organs and tissues occur?
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Study Notes
Embryonic Development
- Embryonic development is the process by which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus.
- It consists of three stages: zygote, embryo, and fetus.
Week 1-2: Zygote Stage
- Fertilization: sperm penetrates egg, resulting in a single cell called a zygote.
- Cleavage: zygote undergoes rapid cell division without significant growth.
- Morula: solid ball of cells formed during cleavage.
- Blastula: fluid-filled cavity forms within the morula.
Week 3-4: Blastulation Stage
- Gastrulation: blastula undergoes complex cellular movements, resulting in three primary germ layers:
- Ectoderm: outer layer, gives rise to skin, nervous system, and sensory organs.
- Mesoderm: middle layer, gives rise to muscles, bones, and connective tissue.
- Endoderm: inner layer, gives rise to lining of digestive system and respiratory tract.
Week 5-8: Organogenesis Stage
- Embryonic folding: embryo undergoes rapid growth and folding, forming the body plan.
- Organ formation: germ layers differentiate into specific organs and tissues.
Fetal Development (Week 9-38)
- Growth and maturation of organs and tissues.
- Development of limbs, digits, and facial features.
- Sensory organ development: eyes, ears, and nervous system.
Embryonic Period (Week 3-8)
- Critical period for embryonic development, during which major organ systems form.
- Most susceptible to teratogenic effects (e.g., thalidomide).
Fetal Period (Week 9-38)
- Fetus grows and develops rapidly, but is less susceptible to teratogenic effects.
- Fetal development is influenced by maternal and environmental factors.
Clinical Correlations
- Understanding embryonic development is essential for understanding birth defects and congenital anomalies.
- Knowledge of embryology informs medical and surgical interventions, such as in vitro fertilization and organ transplantation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the stages of embryonic development, from fertilization to fetal development. Learn about the zygote, blastula, and gastrulation stages, and how they form the foundation for human development.
