Embryonic Development of the Digestive Tract
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Questions and Answers

Which structures are considered retroperitoneal?

  • Pancreas (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Rectum (correct)

    • What is the role of mesenteries in the digestive tract?

  • Enhance bile production
  • Support the kidneys
  • Fuse structures to the body wall (correct)
  • Absorb nutrients directly

    • Which of the following structures is suspended by mesenteries?

  • Urinary bladder
  • Kidneys
  • Stomach (correct)
  • Rectum

    • What distinguishes intraperitoneal structures from retroperitoneal structures?

    <p>Intraperitoneal structures are suspended from the abdominal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery is associated with the descending colon?

    <p>Sigmoid mesocolon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cardia in the stomach?

    <p>It surrounds the opening of the oesophagus into the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the position of the duodenum?

    <p>It is C-shaped and adjacent to the head of the pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the pylorus in the stomach?

    <p>It connects the stomach to the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the small intestine is true?

    <p>It consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding the curvatures of the stomach?

    <p>The stomach contains both greater and lesser curvatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily responsible for suspending the digestive tube during embryonic development?

    <p>Ventral mesentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the peritoneum?

    <p>It reflects off the abdominal wall forming folds called mesenteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ventral mesentery as development progresses into adulthood?

    <p>It is lost except for specific connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery is associated with the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Dorsal mesentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesenteries are named based on:

    <p>The organs they cover or are associated with</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mesenteries connects the stomach to the liver?

    <p>Lesser omentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peritoneum covers suspended abdominal organs?

    <p>Visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure fuses to the posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum?

    <p>Transverse mesocolon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

    <p>To concentrate and store bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located anterior to the gallbladder?

    <p>Lesser omentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the common bile duct?

    <p>Cystic duct and common hepatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the gallbladder?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical location of the gallbladder within the liver?

    <p>In a fossa between right and quadrate lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ducts are involved in bile transport?

    <p>Cystic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the gallbladder?

    <p>Right hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the common hepatic duct merge with to eventually form the common bile duct?

    <p>Cystic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vasa recta in the blood supply to the small intestine?

    <p>They extend from arterial arcades to the walls of the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the lowest part of the descending colon and sigmoid colon?

    <p>Sigmoid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from the abdominal aorta?

    <p>L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the upper part of the anal canal?

    <p>Superior rectal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

    <p>Inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common hepatic artery branches from which major artery?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the left colic artery primarily supply?

    <p>The left ⅓ of the transverse colon and descending colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lower part of the anal canal?

    <p>Middle rectal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hepatic portal vein?

    <p>To drain venous blood from various abdominal organs towards the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the pancreas?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Embryonic Development of the Digestive Tract

    • The digestive tube is suspended from the abdominal wall using dorsal and ventral mesenteries
    • The ventral mesentery is mostly lost in adults, except for its connection of the stomach to the liver (lesser omentum) and the liver to the body wall (falciform ligament)
    • The ventral mesentery is present in the 4th week of development, the dorsal mesentery is present in the 5th week of development
    • By week 11, the mesenteries associated with parts of the small intestine, pancreas, and parts of the colon fuse to the body wall

    Abdominal Cavity Peritoneum

    • The abdominal cavity is lined by a mesothelium called peritoneum
    • The peritoneum reflects off the abdominal wall to form folds of tissue called mesenteries
    • Mesenteries suspend abdominal organs
    • The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall
    • The visceral peritoneum covers suspended organs
    • The GIT is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by mesenteries
    • Mesenteries are named according to the organs they cover
    • Ventral mesenteries attach to the proximal portion of the gut tube
    • Dorsal mesenteries attach along the entire gut tube

    Mesentery Diagram

    • In this diagram, the greater omentum is cut
    • In this diagram, the transverse mesocolon is fused to the posterior part of the parietal peritoneum
    • In this diagram, the mesocolon of the ascending and descending colons are fused to the posterior part of the parietal peritoneum
    • In this diagram, the mesentery proper is a sheet that is present
    • In this diagram, all organs are suspended by mesenteries except for the ascending, descending, and sigmoid colons

    Sagittal Section

    • In this diagram, the duodenum, pancreas, and rectum are retroperitoneal
    • In this diagram, the spleen is suspended by the lesser omentum

    Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal

    • Intraperitoneal structures are suspended by mesenteries
    • Retroperitoneal structures lie between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall
    • The stomach is an example of an intraperitoneal organ
    • The kidneys are an example of a retroperitoneal organ

    Stomach

    • The stomach is the most dilated part of the GIT
    • The stomach is J-shaped
    • The stomach is located between the abdominal oesophagus and the small intestines
    • The stomach has four regions: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
    • The stomach has two openings: cardiac and pyloric orifices
    • The stomach has two curvatures: greater and lesser
    • The stomach has two surfaces: anterior and posterior

    Abdominal Viscera Diagram

    • This diagram shows the liver with the gallbladder, the stomach with the greater and lesser omentum, the spleen, the transverse colon, the duodenum, and the greater and lesser curvatures
    • The liver and gallbladder are located in the upper right abdomen
    • The stomach is located in the upper left abdomen
    • The duodenum and transverse colon are located in the middle abdomen

    Small Intestine

    • The small intestine is the longest part of the GIT
    • The small intestine is approximately 7 meters long
    • The small intestine is located between the pyloric orifice and the ileocecal valve
    • The diameter of the small intestine narrows distally
    • The small intestine has 3 parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
    • The duodenum is a C-shaped structure located adjacent to the head of the pancreas

    Duodenum

    • The duodenum receives the ducts of the liver and pancreas
    • The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine
    • The duodenum is 25cm long
    • The duodenum is bound on the right by the groove for the inferior vena cava
    • The duodenum is bound on the left by the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
    • The duodenum is bound on the anterior by the porta hepatis

    Bile Duct System

    • This diagram shows the bile duct system and the blood supply to this region of the digestive system
    • The common hepatic duct is formed by the right and left hepatic ducts
    • The common bile duct is formed by the common hepatic duct and cystic duct
    • The cystic duct is connected to the gallbladder
    • The gallbladder stores bile
    • The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac lying on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

    Arterial Arcades

    • In the small intestine, the number of arterial arcades increases distally
    • Vasa recta (straight arteries) extend from the terminal arcade of the arterial arcades to reach the walls of the small intestine
    • Vasa recta are branches of the ileal arteries

    GIT Blood Supply

    • The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the hindgut
    • The inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebra
    • The inferior mesenteric artery branches into the following arteries:
      • left colic artery
      • sigmoid arteries
      • superior rectal artery
    • The left colic artery supplies the left third of the transverse colon and the descending colon
    • The sigmoid arteries supply the lowest part of the descending colon and the sigmoid colon
    • The superior rectal artery descends into the pelvis to supply the rectum and the upper part of the anal canal
    • The lower part of the anal canal receives blood from the middle rectal artery, internal iliac artery, and inferior rectal artery, internal pudendal artery

    Arteries Supplying the Abdominopelvic Organs Diagram

    • This diagram shows the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric arteries, and inferior mesenteric arteries
    • The branches of the celiac trunk include:
      • Left gastric artery
      • Splenic artery
      • Common hepatic artery
    • The branches of the common hepatic artery include:
      • Right gastric artery
      • Gastroduodenal artery
      • Hepatic artery proper
      • Cystic artery
    • The branches of the splenic artery include;
      • Left gastroepiploic artery
      • Pancreatic artery
    • The branches of the superior mesenteric artery include:
      • Inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
      • Middle colic artery
      • Right colic artery
      • Ileocolic artery
      • Intestinal arteries

    GIT Blood Supply: Venous Drainage

    • Venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and the abdominal part of the GIT drains towards the hepatic portal vein
    • The GIT includes organs from the abdominal oesophagus to the upper rectum
    • The hepatic portal vein is connected to the liver

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    Lecture 26: Anatomy of the Abdomen II PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the embryonic development of the digestive tract, focusing on the roles of dorsal and ventral mesenteries in abdominal cavity formation. It discusses key developments from the 4th to the 11th week of gestation and the significance of mesenteries in organ suspension. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and changes of the digestive system during early development.

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