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Questions and Answers
The intra-embryonic coelom is initially what?
The intra-embryonic coelom is initially what?
- Divided by the fibrous pericardium.
- Absent in early embryonic development.
- Separated into multiple discrete cavities.
- One continuous cavity. (correct)
Which structure does NOT directly contribute to the division of the intra-embryonic coelom into distinct body cavities?
Which structure does NOT directly contribute to the division of the intra-embryonic coelom into distinct body cavities?
- The diaphragm.
- The liver. (correct)
- The developing heart.
- The fibrous pericardium.
Which cavities are derived from the partitioning of the intra-embryonic coelom?
Which cavities are derived from the partitioning of the intra-embryonic coelom?
- Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal and cranial cavities.
- Pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities. (correct)
- Pleural and peritoneal cavities only.
- Pericardial and pleural cavities only.
What anatomical relationship does the pericardial cavity initially have with the developing pharynx?
What anatomical relationship does the pericardial cavity initially have with the developing pharynx?
Through what structures does the pericardial cavity initially communicate freely with the peritoneal cavity?
Through what structures does the pericardial cavity initially communicate freely with the peritoneal cavity?
What structure suspends the endocardial tube within the pericardial cavity?
What structure suspends the endocardial tube within the pericardial cavity?
Which event occurs first during the development of body cavities?
Which event occurs first during the development of body cavities?
If the pericardioperitoneal canals failed to close during development, which of the following would most likely result?
If the pericardioperitoneal canals failed to close during development, which of the following would most likely result?
A researcher is studying the development of the diaphragm in chick embryos. They notice a defect where the diaphragm is significantly reduced in size and has abnormal connections to the body wall. Which of the following developmental processes was most likely disrupted?
A researcher is studying the development of the diaphragm in chick embryos. They notice a defect where the diaphragm is significantly reduced in size and has abnormal connections to the body wall. Which of the following developmental processes was most likely disrupted?
During a prenatal ultrasound, a physician observes that the developing heart is abnormally positioned, appearing to be located partially within the developing pleural cavity. Which of the following developmental defects could best explain this observation?
During a prenatal ultrasound, a physician observes that the developing heart is abnormally positioned, appearing to be located partially within the developing pleural cavity. Which of the following developmental defects could best explain this observation?
From which cervical nerves is the phrenic nerve derived?
From which cervical nerves is the phrenic nerve derived?
What structure initially pulls the phrenic nerve caudally during diaphragm development?
What structure initially pulls the phrenic nerve caudally during diaphragm development?
What is the origin of the fibrous pericardium?
What is the origin of the fibrous pericardium?
From which germ layer is the splanchnic mesoderm derived?
From which germ layer is the splanchnic mesoderm derived?
When does the diaphragm's formation begin during embryonic development?
When does the diaphragm's formation begin during embryonic development?
Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the formation of the diaphragm?
Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the formation of the diaphragm?
The laryngotracheal groove develops into which structure?
The laryngotracheal groove develops into which structure?
Which embryonic structure is directly invaginated by the developing lung buds?
Which embryonic structure is directly invaginated by the developing lung buds?
The fusion of which structures separates the lumen of the laryngotracheal tube from the foregut?
The fusion of which structures separates the lumen of the laryngotracheal tube from the foregut?
If the pleuroperitoneal membranes failed to properly fuse, which of the following defects would MOST likely result?
If the pleuroperitoneal membranes failed to properly fuse, which of the following defects would MOST likely result?
Which structure separates the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities?
Which structure separates the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities?
From what primary source does the central tendon of the diaphragm originate?
From what primary source does the central tendon of the diaphragm originate?
Which of the following structures contributes to the formation of the crura of the diaphragm?
Which of the following structures contributes to the formation of the crura of the diaphragm?
What is the embryonic origin of the pleura and peritoneum covering the upper and lower surfaces of the muscle diaphragm's peripheral regions?
What is the embryonic origin of the pleura and peritoneum covering the upper and lower surfaces of the muscle diaphragm's peripheral regions?
From which germ layer are the pleuropericardial membranes derived?
From which germ layer are the pleuropericardial membranes derived?
During development, the septum transversum is formed by the fusion of which cervical segments?
During development, the septum transversum is formed by the fusion of which cervical segments?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the sequential development of the diaphragm's components?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the sequential development of the diaphragm's components?
What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence if the pleuroperitoneal membranes failed to develop properly?
What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence if the pleuroperitoneal membranes failed to develop properly?
A researcher discovers a mutation in a gene that specifically disrupts the migration of muscle cells into the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus. Which of the following structures would be MOST directly affected by this mutation?
A researcher discovers a mutation in a gene that specifically disrupts the migration of muscle cells into the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus. Which of the following structures would be MOST directly affected by this mutation?
A novel signaling molecule, 'Pericardin,' is discovered to be essential for the differentiation of somatic mesoderm into pleuropericardial membranes. In an experiment where 'Pericardin' signaling is completely blocked, what would be the MOST probable outcome regarding the development of the heart and lungs?
A novel signaling molecule, 'Pericardin,' is discovered to be essential for the differentiation of somatic mesoderm into pleuropericardial membranes. In an experiment where 'Pericardin' signaling is completely blocked, what would be the MOST probable outcome regarding the development of the heart and lungs?
Flashcards
Intra-embryonic Coelom Division
Intra-embryonic Coelom Division
The intra-embryonic coelom divides into pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities.
Coelom Partitions
Coelom Partitions
The partitions that divide the intra-embryonic coelom are the diaphragm and the fibrous pericardium.
Origin of Pericardial Cavity
Origin of Pericardial Cavity
The pericardial cavity forms from the intra-embryonic coelom cranial to the buccopharyngeal membrane
Pericardioperitoneal Canals
Pericardioperitoneal Canals
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Endocardial Tube Invagination
Endocardial Tube Invagination
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Dorsal Mesocardium
Dorsal Mesocardium
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Pericardial Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
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Fibrous Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
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Pleuropericardial Membranes
Pleuropericardial Membranes
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Septum Transversum
Septum Transversum
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Pleuroperitoneal Membranes
Pleuroperitoneal Membranes
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Dorsal Mesentery of the Esophagus
Dorsal Mesentery of the Esophagus
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Septum Transversum Origin
Septum Transversum Origin
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Visceral Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
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Parietal Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
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Phrenic Nerve Origin
Phrenic Nerve Origin
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Diaphragm Initial Location
Diaphragm Initial Location
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Diaphragm Descent Timing
Diaphragm Descent Timing
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Pleural Cavity Formation
Pleural Cavity Formation
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Embryonic Body Cavities
Embryonic Body Cavities
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Laryngotracheal Groove
Laryngotracheal Groove
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Pleural Sacs
Pleural Sacs
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Study Notes
- The intra-embryonic coelom is one continuous cavity that must be divided into four body cavities.
Body Cavities
- There is one pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart.
- There are two pleural cavities which surround the lungs.
- There is one peritoneal cavity which surrounds the GI tract.
Partitions
- The diaphragm and the fibrous pericardium must develop to divide the intra-embryonic coelom.
- The fibrous pericardium surrounds the heart.
- The portion of the intra-embryonic coelom that crosses the midline of the embryo, cranial to the buccopharyngeal membrane, forms the pericardial cavity.
- The pericardial cavity is ventral to the pharynx.
- The pericardial cavity maintains free communication with the peritoneal cavity through the pericardioperitoneal canals.
- The endocardial tube invaginates the dorsal surface of the pericardial cavity and is suspended by the dorsal mesocardium.
Fibrous Pericardium
- The fibrous pericardium separates the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities.
- The fibrous pericardium is formed by two pleuropericardial membranes, which are sheets of somatic mesoderm.
- Pleuropericardial membranes form as the developing lungs grow into the body wall.
Development of the Diaphragm
- The diaphragm separates the pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity.
- It is formed through the fusion of tissue from three sources.
- Tthe septum transversum, a mass of mesoderm between the heart and the developing liver, forms the central portion of the diaphragm, including the central tendon.
- Two pleuroperitoneal membranes, sheets of somatic mesoderm grow anteriorly from the posterior body wall.
- The pleuroperitoneal membranes are responsible for the peripheral regions of the diaphragm, pleura, and peritoneum that cover the upper and lower surfaces respectively.
- The dorsal mesentery of the esophagus is invaded by developing muscle cells to form the crura of the diaphragm.
- The septum transversum is an incomplete septum formed in the neck region by the fusion of the the third, fourth, and fifth cervical segments (C3, 4, 5).
- The descent of the heart from the neck pulls the septum caudally, along with its nerve supply (derived from C3,4,5).
- The pleuroperitoneal membranes grow medially from the body wall, fusing with the septum transversum anteriorly to the esophagus.
Positional Changes in the Diaphragm
- During week 4, the diaphragm begins formation in the cervical region.
- By week 8, it has descended, carrying the phrenic nerves with it to explain their long length.
Development of the Pleural Cavities
- With the development of lung buds, the splanchnic mesoderm covering them is invaginated into the pericardioperitoneal canals.
- This portion of each canal becomes the pleural cavity on each side.
- The pleuropericardial membranes grow inward rostally to form the fibrous pericardium.
- The pleuroperitoneal membranes grow inward caudally to help form the diaphragm.
- The embryo has four cavities: a pericardial cavity, two pleural cavities, and a peritoneal cavity.
Development of the Lungs
- Around week 4, the laryngotracheal groove, a median longitudinal groove, develops in the pharyngeal floor.
- The edges of the groove fuse to form the laryngotracheal tube, with its lumen becoming separated from the foregut.
- As the lung buds grow, they migrate inferiorly and further invaginate the intra-embryonic coelom, forming pleural sacs.
- Each lung receives a covering of visceral pleura, derived from splanchnic mesoderm.
- The parietal pleura is formed from somatic mesoderm.
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Description
The intra-embryonic coelom divides into pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities. The diaphragm and fibrous pericardium are crucial for this division. The pericardial cavity initially communicates with the peritoneal cavity and houses the developing heart.
