Podcast
Questions and Answers
During which weeks of development do the upper and lower limb buds become visible as outpocketings from the ventrolateral body wall?
During which weeks of development do the upper and lower limb buds become visible as outpocketings from the ventrolateral body wall?
- Weeks 5-8 (correct)
- Weeks 9-12
- Weeks 4-5
- Weeks 1-4
At what level does the upper limb bud appear during development?
At what level does the upper limb bud appear during development?
- T3-T6
- T7-T10
- C1-C3
- C4-T2 (correct)
At what level does the lower limb bud appear, in relation to vertebral levels?
At what level does the lower limb bud appear, in relation to vertebral levels?
- L2-S2 (correct)
- S6-Co1
- L1-L3
- S3-S5
What is the purpose of studying the timing, position, and pattern of formation of the limb buds?
What is the purpose of studying the timing, position, and pattern of formation of the limb buds?
What developmental events occur at the end of the fourth week of development?
What developmental events occur at the end of the fourth week of development?
What factors influence the pattern of innervation of the limbs?
What factors influence the pattern of innervation of the limbs?
What is the main cause of split foot?
What is the main cause of split foot?
During which weeks of development is the most sensitive period for teratogen-induced limb malformations?
During which weeks of development is the most sensitive period for teratogen-induced limb malformations?
Which gene initiates the development of forelimbs?
Which gene initiates the development of forelimbs?
What is essential for limb bud development in the proximal to distal axis?
What is essential for limb bud development in the proximal to distal axis?
Which gene regulates the anteroposterior axis of limb development?
Which gene regulates the anteroposterior axis of limb development?
What controls the dorsoventral axis in limb development?
What controls the dorsoventral axis in limb development?
What does the limb bud consist of?
What does the limb bud consist of?
What creates the progress zone in the mesoderm during limb development?
What creates the progress zone in the mesoderm during limb development?
What happens as the limb grows in relation to Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA)?
What happens as the limb grows in relation to Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA)?
What genes regulate bone patterning, muscle pattern, joint orientation, and epidermal differentiation in limb development?
What genes regulate bone patterning, muscle pattern, joint orientation, and epidermal differentiation in limb development?
What is the main function of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) in limb bud development?
What is the main function of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) in limb bud development?
What regulates the differentiation of the extensor and flexor compartments in limb development?
What regulates the differentiation of the extensor and flexor compartments in limb development?
What causes the proper order and pattern of digits in limb development?
What causes the proper order and pattern of digits in limb development?
Which gene initiates the development of forelimbs?
Which gene initiates the development of forelimbs?
What is responsible for regulating the anteroposterior (craniocaudal) axis in limb development?
What is responsible for regulating the anteroposterior (craniocaudal) axis in limb development?
What is the role of FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) in limb bud development?
What is the role of FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) in limb bud development?
Which part of the limb bud receives branches from C5-T1 Nerves?
Which part of the limb bud receives branches from C5-T1 Nerves?
What causes webbed digits in limb development?
What causes webbed digits in limb development?
What causes mirror image duplication of limb structures (polydactyly)?
What causes mirror image duplication of limb structures (polydactyly)?
What stimulates cell proliferation and prevents differentiation during limb bud development?
What stimulates cell proliferation and prevents differentiation during limb bud development?
Which genetic factor controls both digit number and digit pattern in limb development?
Which genetic factor controls both digit number and digit pattern in limb development?
What causes syndactyly in limb development?
What causes syndactyly in limb development?
During limb development, what process leads to the removal of interdigital tissue to create separate digits?
During limb development, what process leads to the removal of interdigital tissue to create separate digits?
Which molecule appears to be the inductive signal for positioning of joints during limb development?
Which molecule appears to be the inductive signal for positioning of joints during limb development?
What is the main source of limb musculature during limb development?
What is the main source of limb musculature during limb development?
What leads to the formation of a joint cavity during limb development?
What leads to the formation of a joint cavity during limb development?
Which nerve supply is responsible for the upper limb buds during limb development?
Which nerve supply is responsible for the upper limb buds during limb development?
Which statement best describes the rotation of limbs during development?
Which statement best describes the rotation of limbs during development?
Which teratogen was used as a sedative and antinauseant in the 1960s and caused interruption of AER function and proximodistal limb growth?
Which teratogen was used as a sedative and antinauseant in the 1960s and caused interruption of AER function and proximodistal limb growth?
Which developmental defect is characterized by absence of all digits on a limb?
Which developmental defect is characterized by absence of all digits on a limb?
What causes polydactyly during limb development?
What causes polydactyly during limb development?
What leads to brachydactyly during limb development?
What leads to brachydactyly during limb development?
What causes split foot during limb development?
What causes split foot during limb development?
What was the period of vulnerability for teratogen-induced limb malformations?
What was the period of vulnerability for teratogen-induced limb malformations?
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