40 Questions
Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for the periodic changes during the menstrual cycle?
Endometrium - Functionalis layer
What is the ideal thickness of the endometrium during the implantation window?
Greater than 11 mm
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the reestablishment of the endometrium?
Secretory/progestational phase
What is the main factor that determines the uterine receptivity during the implantation window?
Endometrial receptivity
What is the purpose of the Basalis layer of the endometrium?
It provides a stable layer for the attachment of the embryo.
What is the key event that triggers the menstrual phase of the uterus?
Lack of implantation
How does the endometrium change during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
The endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular.
What is the purpose of the Myometrium layer of the uterus?
It is a thick muscle layer that contracts during childbirth.
What is the process called when the balloon-shaped cells separate from the epiblast and slide under it along the primitive groove?
Invagination
Which of the following is the source of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) from which all the tissues and organs of the embryo will develop?
Epiblast
When the primitive streak appears, which of the following aspects of the embryo can be identified?
All of the above
Where do some of the cells invaginated from the primitive streak enter?
Both a and b
What is the potential of the cells remaining in the epiblast after the formation of the primitive streak?
They can proliferate and differentiate into various cell types such as fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts
Which of the following is not a germ layer formed from the epiblast?
Hypoblast
What is the function of the primitive streak during embryonic development?
It serves as a source of cells for the formation of the three germ layers
Which of the following is not a cell type that can be derived from the cells remaining in the epiblast after the formation of the primitive streak?
Neurons
What is the primary focus of the field of embryology?
All of the above
Which ancient Greek philosopher is considered a founder of embryology?
Aristotle
What theory did Aristotle propose regarding the origin of the embryo?
The embryo develops from undifferentiated material (epigenesis)
What is the preformationism theory?
The theory that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves
Who is considered the "Founder of microscopical anatomy, histology & Father of physiology and embryology"?
Marcello Malpighi
What did Marcello Malpighi believe about the hen's egg?
It contained a miniature chick
What is the term used to describe the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth?
Teratology
Which of the following best describes the scope of embryology?
The study of gametes, fertilization, embryonic and fetal development, as well as congenital disorders before birth
In which week(s) do the fetal lungs develop the ability to breathe?
Between weeks 26 and 29
What happens to the fetus's respiratory system when born prematurely before the 26th week?
The fetus's respiratory system is not yet mature, leading to a high risk of death
What is the primary function of the surfactant secreted by Type II pneumocyte cells in the fetal lungs?
To ensure the effectiveness of the developing alveoli
What is the primary cause of most deaths in newborns?
Low or very low birth weight
When do the fetus's eyes open?
Between weeks 26 and 29
Which of the following developments occurs in the fetus between weeks 26 and 29?
Hair and lanugo are well developed
What is the primary function of the spleen in fetal hematopoiesis?
To produce red blood cells
What is the approximate percentage of white fat in the fetus's body weight by the end of the 28th week?
3.5%
What is the primary function of nitric oxide inhalation in severe cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH)?
To facilitate gas exchange in the fetal lungs
Which of the following statements about meconium aspiration is correct?
It occurs when the fetus inhales amniotic fluid containing meconium
What is the primary function of the allantois during the embryonic period?
All of the above
At approximately what week of development does the allantois begin to appear?
3rd week
What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo/fetus
At approximately what week of development is the umbilical cord formed?
8th-10th week
Which of the following is NOT a function of the allantois during the embryonic period?
Facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the embryo and the placenta
After the second month of pregnancy, what structures take over the functions previously performed by the allantois?
The placenta and the amnion
Learn about the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes, fertilization, and the development of embryos and fetuses. Explore how embryology also encompasses the study of congenital disorders occurring before birth, known as teratology.
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