Embryology and Gametogenesis: Prof. Dr. Cengiz Bayçu
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for the periodic changes during the menstrual cycle?

  • Myometrium
  • Endometrium - Functionalis layer (correct)
  • Endometrium - Basalis layer
  • Perimetrium

    • What is the ideal thickness of the endometrium during the implantation window?

  • Greater than 11 mm (correct)
  • 8-11 mm
  • Thickness does not matter for implantation
  • Less than 8 mm

    • Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the reestablishment of the endometrium?

  • Secretory/progestational phase (correct)
  • Ovulatory phase
  • Follicular/proliferative phase
  • Menstrual phase

    • What is the main factor that determines the uterine receptivity during the implantation window?

    <p>Endometrial receptivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Basalis layer of the endometrium?

    <p>It provides a stable layer for the attachment of the embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key event that triggers the menstrual phase of the uterus?

    <p>Lack of implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the endometrium change during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>The endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Myometrium layer of the uterus?

    <p>It is a thick muscle layer that contracts during childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the balloon-shaped cells separate from the epiblast and slide under it along the primitive groove?

    <p>Invagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the source of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) from which all the tissues and organs of the embryo will develop?

    <p>Epiblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the primitive streak appears, which of the following aspects of the embryo can be identified?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some of the cells invaginated from the primitive streak enter?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential of the cells remaining in the epiblast after the formation of the primitive streak?

    <p>They can proliferate and differentiate into various cell types such as fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a germ layer formed from the epiblast?

    <p>Hypoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the primitive streak during embryonic development?

    <p>It serves as a source of cells for the formation of the three germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a cell type that can be derived from the cells remaining in the epiblast after the formation of the primitive streak?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the field of embryology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Greek philosopher is considered a founder of embryology?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Aristotle propose regarding the origin of the embryo?

    <p>The embryo develops from undifferentiated material (epigenesis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preformationism theory?

    <p>The theory that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the "Founder of microscopical anatomy, histology & Father of physiology and embryology"?

    <p>Marcello Malpighi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Marcello Malpighi believe about the hen's egg?

    <p>It contained a miniature chick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the scope of embryology?

    <p>The study of gametes, fertilization, embryonic and fetal development, as well as congenital disorders before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which week(s) do the fetal lungs develop the ability to breathe?

    <p>Between weeks 26 and 29</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the fetus's respiratory system when born prematurely before the 26th week?

    <p>The fetus's respiratory system is not yet mature, leading to a high risk of death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the surfactant secreted by Type II pneumocyte cells in the fetal lungs?

    <p>To ensure the effectiveness of the developing alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most deaths in newborns?

    <p>Low or very low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do the fetus's eyes open?

    <p>Between weeks 26 and 29</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following developments occurs in the fetus between weeks 26 and 29?

    <p>Hair and lanugo are well developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen in fetal hematopoiesis?

    <p>To produce red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of white fat in the fetus's body weight by the end of the 28th week?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nitric oxide inhalation in severe cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH)?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange in the fetal lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about meconium aspiration is correct?

    <p>It occurs when the fetus inhales amniotic fluid containing meconium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the allantois during the embryonic period?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At approximately what week of development does the allantois begin to appear?

    <p>3rd week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo/fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At approximately what week of development is the umbilical cord formed?

    <p>8th-10th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the allantois during the embryonic period?

    <p>Facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the embryo and the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the second month of pregnancy, what structures take over the functions previously performed by the allantois?

    <p>The placenta and the amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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