Embedded Systems vs General Purpose Computing Systems

Operating Systems in Various Systems

• General Purpose Operating Systems are found in general-purpose systems, such as personal computers and servers.
• Embedded systems may or may not contain an Operating System, depending on the complexity and requirements of the device.

Systems with OS Installation Capabilities

• Personal computer systems allow users to re-install the Operating System and manage user applications, including installation and removal.

Systems with Fixed Firmware

• Dedicated systems utilize pre-programmed firmware that is non-alterable by the end user, limiting modification and ensuring stability.

Performance-Oriented Systems

• Performance-centric systems are engineered with prioritization of performance as the primary deciding factor in their design and features.

Early Technologies and Embedded Systems

• Before the IT revolution, discrete circuitry was the predominant technology used for embedded algorithms, focusing on specialized tasks.
• The first recognized modern embedded system is considered to be the Apollo Guidance Computer, which was used in NASA's Apollo missions.

Generations of Embedded Systems

• The first generation of embedded systems was built around 8-bit microprocessors, leading to enhanced processing capabilities.
• Subsequent generations of embedded systems sometimes incorporate embedded operating systems to manage hardware resources and streamline functions.

Mass Production in Embedded Systems

• The first mass-produced embedded system was the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), which revolutionized industrial automation and control processes.